【作者】 陈江；

【导师】 张丽艳；

【作者基本信息】 南京航空航天大学 ， 航空宇航制造工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 三维测量技术在逆向工程、工业检测、质量控制等领域占有十分重要的地位,基于视觉的测量技术作为一种非接触式的测量手段,与传统的三坐标测量机相比,速度快,量程大,操作方便。直接模拟人的双眼处理景物的二目立体测量是基于视觉测量的最常用的实现方式。建立一个简单灵活的二目立体测量系统具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。本文就这方面内容展开研究,主要研究内容和成果如下:1.以较低的成本建立了一个结构简单的二目立体测量系统的硬件平台,主要包括CCD相机和镜头,图象采集卡、计算机、三角架。在完成测量系统硬件合理配置的基础上,实现了测量系统的软件框架。2.较为系统地研究了二目立体测量系统标定技术。利用一块经过特殊设计的标定板,以张氏标定算法为理论基础,实现了一个稳定可靠的二目立体视觉标定方法。3.通过在物体表面粘贴圆形特征点的方法,综合图象特征提取、极线校正、特征匹配、光学三角法等技术,实现了三维数据的获取。4.在硬件选型调试、软件系统开发、系统标定以及基于特征点的三维重建等工作的基础上,建立了一个二目立体测量原型系统,并用测量实例对原型系统进行了验证。特征点的三维测量对物体表面拟合和三维重构具有重要意义,为课题组下一步工作奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The technology for 3D measurement acts as an important role in reverse engineering, industrial inspection, and quality control, etc. The technology for 3D measurement based on computer vision is a non-contact measuring way, which provides a rapid, wide-range, maneuverable measurement method compared to the traditional coordinate measuring machine (CMM). Binocular stereo measuring system, which simulates the eyes of people, is the most frequently used method to implement measuring technology based on vision. Therefore, it is very valuable to build a flexible binocular stereo measuring system. The main work and achievements of this thesis are as follows.1. A hardware platform of binocular stereo measuring system with simple structure was built with low cost, which consists of CCD cameras, lens, a frame grabber card, a computer and a tripod. Besides the hardware configuration, the software framework of the measuring system was also built.2. Calibration techniques were researched systematically in the thesis. It is proposed to use a specifically designed calibration board, theoretically based on Zhang’s algorithm, to perform the calibration of binocular stereo measuring system reliably.3. A method for the acquisition of 3D data was implemented by distributing reference points over the objects to be digitized and utilizing the techniques of feature extracting, epipolar rectification, feature matching, and the triangulation principle.4. A prototype of binocular stereo measuring system was built based on the hardware platform, software framework, cameras calibration, and reference points reconstruction, by which some objects were measured to examine the system.The 3D measurement of reference points is significant for surface approximating and reconstruction of objects. The work of this thesis laid foundation for the further work of our project team.更多还原