【作者】 王晓丽；

【导师】 陈亚芍；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 物理化学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 高分子材料依其优美的外观、低廉的价格、出色的电绝缘性能、良好的加工性能和耐化学性能而获得广泛应用。但在摩擦时容易积累静电荷，导致表面吸尘、薄膜闭合、电子器件击穿、电击和爆炸等许多灾害。为消除静电危害，工业上一般将材料的表面电阻率限制在10¹²Ω／sq．以下。添加低分子量抗静电剂是最常见的抗静电措施，由于这种改性材料主要是利用抗静电剂在材料表面吸附的水分降低表面电阻率，因此耐久性差，不耐洗，对环境湿度的依赖性大，而且材料的耐热温度和表面特性都有不同程度下降。经炭黑、金属填料改性的聚合物，虽能获得比较好的永久性抗静电性能，但也存在价格高、不易着色、填料易脱落或氧化以及物性下降等缺点。材料表面改性是提高材料表面抗静电性能的一个重要途径。本文采用等离子体表面改性技术对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）高分子材料(表面电阻率为10¹⁵Ω／sq．)进行处理，以提高其抗静电性能。 （1）采用Ar等离子体对PMMA材料进行表面改性，研究了Ar等离子体处理时间、气体压强、放电功率对材料表面亲水性的影响，通过材料表面电阻率的测定对改性材料的抗静电性能进行评价。接触角测定表明：材料表面的亲水性得到了显著改善，在等离子体处理时间3min：气体压强50Pa：放电功率40W的条件下，材料对水的接触角从80.4°降低到47°。通过测定此条件下材料的表面电阻率发现：Ar等离子体处理材料表面能明显改善材料表面的亲水性，但对材料表面的抗静电性能却没有明显的改善。 （2）用Ar等离子体预处理活化材料表面，以提高PMMA表面的亲水性，然后以灯等离子体引发聚乙二醇（PEG-200）在PMMA表面固定化，以改善其抗静电性能Ar。实验中研究了PEG-200浓度、Ar等离子体固定时间、气体压强、放电功率对材料表面亲水性和表面电阻率的影响，同时确定了改善材料表面抗静电性的最佳条件。衰减全反射红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）分析结果表明：Ar等离子体可以将PEG-200以化学键的形式固定于PMMA表面。原子力显微镜（AFM）对其进行表面形貌分析后表明：等离子体固定PEG前后PMMA的表面形貌发生了明显变化。表面电阻率测定结果表明：等离子体固定PEG后的PMMA表面电阻率下降了3～6个数量级，最佳条件下修饰的PMMA材料的抗静电性能显著提高，而且经等离子体预处理后固定PEG的PMMA表面电阻率值明显比未经等离子体预处理直接固定PEG的PMMA表面电阻率值低。更多还原

【Abstract】 Polymer materials are wildly used because of beautiful appearance, low cost, high insulation, processing ease and excellent chemical inert. However, static electricity can be easily built up by friction of two polymer materials. This can lead to a number of problems, such as accumulation of dust, close of thin-film integrated circuit, breakthrough of electronics parts, electroshock and explosion. To minimize these hazards, the surface resistivity of materials will be generally limited below 10¹²Ω/sq. in the industry. The most practicable solution is using an antistatic additive or reagent by attracting water from the environment to lower the surface resistivity of polymer, but antistatic reagents that were conventionally composed of surfactants of a low molecular weight do not produce a durable effect because the antistatic layer can easily be removed. The use of carbon black and metal fillers can improve the antistatic property permanently, but this solution has many shortcomings in term of high cost, not easy coloration, poor stability and decreasing physical property. Therefore, surface modification is becoming an important solution to improve the antistatic property of polymer materials. In this paper, the antistatic property of polymethyl methacrylate （PMMA） surface was improved by plasma treatment.（1） The PMMA surface was modified by argon （Ar） plasma treatment and effects of plasma treatment time, Ar pressure and discharge power on hydrophilicity of PMMA surface were investigated. The antistatic property of polymers can be measured in terms of their surface resistivity. The contact angle measurement showed that the hydrophilicity of PMMA surface was improved greatly and the contact angle against water decreased from 80.4 ° to 47 °at optimum conditions: treatment time = 3 min, Ar pressure = 50 Pa and power = 40 W. The results of surface resistivity measurement showed that there was no distinct improvement for antistatic property despite great improvement for hydrophilicity of PMMA surface.（2） The PMMA surface was pretreated by plasma discharge to improve its hydrophilicity, and then PEG-200 was immobilized onto the surface of PMMA by Ar plasma-induced reaction. Effects of PEG-200 concentration, plasma immobilization time, Ar pressure and discharge power on the hydrophilicity and surface resistivity on更多还原