【作者】 刘涛；

【导师】 韦建国；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 阿来的《尘埃落定》获得第五届茅盾文学奖，将人们的目光吸引到了藏族文学这片以往被忽略的领域上来。其实，创作略早于阿来的扎西达娃等藏族作家，他们的作品就已经具备了相当的水准和影响力。雪域高原奇异的地貌和藏民族特有的神秘文化使得藏族文学呈现出新奇独特的品格。中国是个多民族的国家，像藏族这样的少数民族，虽然与汉文化有着长期的交流，但仍然相当完整地延续着本民族的习俗和传统，当下又不断地与外来文明进行着对话。研究当代少数民族文学，了解少数民族作家如何综合多种文化因素，在民族的现代化进程中建构起独具特色的民族文学，不仅可以使我们对中国当代文学有一个全面性的整体把握，还能从中总结出民族文学建设的一些规律，是个很有意义的比较文学课题。这个课题的切入点很多，本文准备从“魔幻”这个角度进行论述。无论是扎西达娃还是阿来，他们的作品很容易让人联想到拉美的“魔幻现实主义”文学，于是有人用“高原魔幻流”来命名他们的创作。“高原魔幻流”的出现，与很多因素有关，比如藏民族的原始思维模式、青藏高原地域内的文化多样性等等。但扎西达娃和阿来之所以选择“魔幻”作为自己的创作风格，与他们所要进行的文化身份／认同书写是密切相关的。本文要做的工作，除了在拉美魔幻现实主义文学的比较研究的基础上对“高原魔幻流”产生的原因进行一番论述之外，更要透过“魔幻”的表面，深入探讨扎西达娃和阿来是如何在多种文化的交织之中进行文化身份／认同的书写。 本文分作三章。第一章对“高原魔幻流”产生的原因进行论述。高原魔幻流的出现，与青藏高原和拉美大陆相似的地域人文环境有关。但其出现的深层原因，则在于具有青藏高原与拉美大陆相似的“神奇的现实”。“神奇的现实”有两个来源：一个来自于当地居民的思维模式，另一个则来自于特定地域内文化的多元性。第一章将分两个小节对这两个来源进行详细的论述。在第一章末尾，本文提出，文化的多元性既为“魔幻”的产生提供了来源，同时也给作家们提出了文化身份／认同上的难题。第二章紧接着这个思路进行论述。首先用第一节来对“文化身份／认同”这个词作一番解释，第二节将这个概念与扎西达娃和阿来的实际情况相结合，具体论述他们作为用汉语写作的藏族作家在文化身份／认同上所处的尴尬地位。本文的观点是，扎西达娃和阿来等藏族作家所从事的是一种“边界写作”，而且，藏族原初文化的在场、汉文化的在场、中国的在场和世界的在场是扎西达娃、阿来等从事“边界写作”的藏族作家必须面对的文化大语境，对他们文化身份的更多还原

【Abstract】 A Lai’s novel, Dust Fall Down, has gotten the fifth Mao Dun Literature Prize. And because of that, many critics begin to pay more attention on the Tibetan literature, which is ignored before. In fact, besides A Lai, there are also some Tibetan writers, such as Zha Xi Da Wa, whose novels have been in a high level and well known. The Tibetan literature shows a unique character because of the fantastic landform of the Qing Zang Plateau and the special mysterious Tibetan culture. China is a country of multi nations, and Tibet is one of them. Although having a long-time communication with the Han, Tibetan people continue their traditional custom thoroughly. And now, they are continuously "talking" with the foreign civilizations. Researching the modern minority literature, and getting to know how the minority writers establish their unique national literature on the ground of multi cultures, we will not only get a integral grasp of Chinese modern literature, but can conclude some rules to contribute national literature. This is a significance problem of comparative literature, and we could study it from many angles. This essay will start in the view of "magical". Zha Xi Da Wa and A Lai ’s novels are similar as the "Realmagical" literature, so someone name their works with "Realmagical in Plateau". "Realmagical in Plateau" is attributed to many factors, but the key point of them is that it has a close relationship with their culture identities. This essay will discuss the factors which are contributed to "Realmagical in Plateau", and how these two writers narrate their culture identities on the ground of multi cultures.This essay will be divided into three chapters. The first chapter will discuss the factors which are contributed to "Realmagical in Plateau", and will point out that "Realmagical in Plateau" is related to two reasons. One is the similar region and humanity between the Qing Zang Plateau and the Latin American, and the other one is the "mystical reality" in both two lands. The "mystical reality" has two sources, the first one is the thinking mode of local residents, and the second one is the multi cultures in certain region. In the end of the first chapter, I will point out that the multi cultures not only give birth to the "Realmagical", but also make a difficult problem of culture identity to the writers. The second chapter will follow this way. The first section will explain the word "culture identity", and the second section will research the awkward更多还原