【作者】 任艳妮；

【导师】 王振亚；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 政治学理论， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文旨在对严复宪政思想作系统梳理和全面考察。在西方，虽然没有形成一致认同的“宪政”定义，但这并不影响人们对宪政价值的理解。然而，近代中国在引进西方宪政时，大多数思想家看重的并非是宪政所蕴含的内在价值，而首先是它具有的强国功能，即把它与国家的富强目标联系在一起，认为宪政是一种可以克服中国传统“专制主义”的替代性工具，这一制度有一种非凡的魔力——能够直接导致国家的富强。虽然这一集体误读是由中国当时的现实情况所致，具有一定的历史必然性，但它也导致了中国近代的政治转型未能完成，时至今日这一探索历程仍在艰难的进行中。在我们逐步向宪政迈进的征程中，回顾和反思宪政之路开启之初精英们对宪政这一舶来品的解读，将对我们今日在宪政道路上如何抉择有所启迪。其中严复是一位在探索近代中国宪政之路上不该、也不能忽视的人物。 严复(1854——1921)，福建候官(福州)人，字又陵，又字几道，是我国近代著名的思想家、教育家。严复所处的年代，是中华民族历史上灾难最为深重的时期，内忧外患交织，民族矛盾日益激化，国家面临空前危机。严复以其学贯中西的学术优势，独特的理论视角，对近代中国的一系列根源性、复杂性的问题作了深入的思考，并取得了丰硕的理论成果。他作为启蒙思想家、教育家、翻译家等所做出的卓越贡献已被人们肯定，可是关于他的政治思想，尤其是以自由、民主、法治为核心的渐进式宪政思想并没有得到大多数人的肯定性评价。虽然很多人认为严复在近代宪政思想史上的地位并不如他同时期的启蒙思想家，如康有为、梁启超等人，但是如果仔细研读严复的论文和译著，会从中发现严复的一些不同于他人的独特思想，这些思想无论是对近代，还是当代的宪政探索都有一定的启示作用。本文正是抱着这一思路，对严复这位近代启蒙思想家的宪政思想做一梳理、归纳、整理，以期对我们今天的宪政建设有所借鉴。 本文除引言外由四部分组成： 第一部分阐述宪政和宪政理论。对于宪政至今还没有形成一个准确、统一的定义，但是限制公权，保障人权却是任何一个宪政定义都必然包含的要素，它体现了宪政的普世性价值。西方宪政在特定的社会历史文化背景下形成，有其基本的价值追求。近代中国人对此没有做过多的关注，导致了集体的误读，这也是近代中国无法建成宪政制度的深层原因之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 Abstract: This text is for the purpose of making a system combs and comprehensive inspection of Yan Fu’s constitutionalism thought. Although constitutionalism hasn’t formed definition of Identically recognizing in the west, this cerainly does not affect people to understand constitutionalism value .But modern China has not made sufficient concern to this introducing the thought of western constitutionalism, what most thinkers valued is not the inherent value that the constitutionalism reflects , and link it with country’s prosperous and strong goal at first and think the constitutionalism as that can overcome the Chinese tradition " despotism " substitutability tool, and this system has a kind of outstanding magic power - - cause the country are prosperous and strong directly. Though it is caused by reality at that time of China that this collective read by mistake , having certain historical necessity, but it leads to the Chinese politics make the transition and unfinished too, this difficult exploration course is still continuing today. In journey that we start constitutionalism march review elite understand to constitutionalism this thing from abroad that way of constitutionalism open the beginning progressively for us, perhaps can choose to inspire to some extent that how we are today . Among them Yan Fu is man who can’t be ignored either in exploring the road of the modern Chinese constitutionalism.Yan Fu (1854- - 1921), Houguan(Fuzhou ) comes form Fujian, the word Youling, also word Jidao, it is our country’s modern and famous thinker , educationist. The times that Yan Fu was in was the very most grave period of disaster in Chinese nation’s history, the domestic trouble and foreign invasion interweaves , the national conflict was sharpened day by day, the country faces the unprecedented crisis. Fu Yan learned academic advantage to pass through Midwest with their, unique theory visual angle, to modern a series of origin of China, issue of complexity make deep thinking, have made the rich theory achievement. He is an enlighten thinker, educationist, translator, whose outstanding achievements had been accepted by people. But his political ideology, especially the progressive constitutionalism thought of freedom, democracy, government by law, had not gotten definite appraise by lots of people. Though a lot of people think Yan Fu’s status in the history of modern thought of constitutionalism and enlighten thinker of the same more period than that of him, for instance Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, etc., but if studying Yan Fu’s thesis and translations carefully, we will更多还原