【作者】 张静；

【导师】 庞奖励；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2006， 硕士

【副题名】Taking Xi’an Region as an Example

【摘要】 资源科学是一门研究资源的形成、演化、质量特征与时空规律性,及其与人类社会发展之相互关系的科学,目前,资源科学的主要任务是:阐明资源系统的形成,演化与时空规律性,探索资源系统各要素的相互作用机制与平衡机理;揭示资源特征与人类社会发展的关系,研究不同时期资源的保证程度与潜力;探索人类活动对资源系统的影响,研究区域资源开发与经济持续发展之间的关系;探讨新技术,新方法在资源科学与资源开发利用中的实践与应用,资源系统的地域性,整体性,全球性和复杂性决定了资源科学研究的区域性,综合性,国际性和研究方法的多样性。 本文从区域可持续发展的角度出发,详细分析了西安市两大主要自然资源(耕地资源和水资源)近四十五年来的开发和利用现状。运用了时间序列法中的滑动平均法,对耕地资源中年末实有耕地面积、有效灌溉面积、水浇地面积、水田面积、粮食播种面积、粮食总产量、粮食单位面积产量近五十年来的数据进行了分析,绘制了5年滑动平均曲线图,与多年平均值进行了对比,分别找出了各曲线变化的成因。同时根据各年代绘制了各类数据的柱状图,进行了年代间的比较。经过分析,各年之间的变化主要是由于人口的增加,城市化进程的加快,大量高产稳产的耕地面积被大量征用,农转非的建设性占地,致使年末实有耕地面积减少;各年代耕地面积的变化较大主要是由于国家政策影响较大;径流量的变化影响了农田灌溉面积的数量,粮食价格影响了粮食的播种面积,粮食单位产量的提高,主要是农业机械化程度的提高和水利水保设施的完善。同时对水资源中的降雨量、地表径流总量和水资源总量也绘制了5年滑动平均值图,与多年平均状况的进行了对比,同时,对径流量和降雨量进行了线性回归分析,分成了两个不同阶段,主要是根据改革开放之前与改革开放之后由于经济发展的需要,地表面性质发生了巨大变化,径流量受地表性质的改变而发生了显著的变化,还与全球气候变化有关。 同时,分析了西安市的自然生态环境的自恢复能力,对资源人口之间的协调程度进行了研究,西安市水土资源匹配比较的不合理,对西安市农业发展起着重要的制约作用,在此基础上,政府提出了西安地区资源开发利用的战略思路和对策措施。加大闲置土地的清查力度,着力解决土地资源短缺的问题,建设地表水更多还原

【Abstract】 Resources science is a discipline on the formation, quality characterist -ics, distribution regularity of resources and the interrelations between resources and social development. The main study fields of Resources Science are identified as to l)expound the formation, evolution and distribution regularity of resources systems;2)explore the interaction and balance law among different elements of resources systems;3)promulgate resources characters and the relations between resources and social development;4)probe how human activities affecting the resources system;5)research on the interrelation between regional resources exploration and the economic development;and6) approach the practice and application of the new technology and method in resource scientific study and resource exploration.From the point of view of sustainable development of region, this paper has analyzed the status quo and existing problem in the exploitation and use of two greatly main natural resources (farmland resources and water resources) in detail in the last 45 years. Using the slipping average law of timing serial model and analyzing the data of area of factual cultivated field at the end of the year, area of effective irrigated field, area of irrigated field , area of paddy field, area of grain sown field, total grain output, grain output of unit area in recent 50 years, it figures the slipping-average-of-5-year curve of natural resources along with time, compares with the average value for many years and find out the reason of the protean curve. Moreover it has figured the block diagrams of all kinds of data according to all decades and has carried on the comparison during all decades. Through analyzing, it has caused the change of year that increasing population, the process of quickening urbanization, a large amount of the commandeered area of cultivated field of stable high yield, the occupation of constructive land has caused that the area of factual cultivated field at the end of the year that has reduced;The state policies have impact on the change of the cultivated area among all decades. The change of the surface runoff has influenced the quantity ofthe area of irrigated farmland. The grain price has affected the area of grain sown field. The enhancement of the mechanization of agriculture degree and the facility of the water conservation and guarantees has results the enhancement of the grain output of unit area. Meanwhile it draws the slipping-average-of-5-year curve of the rainfall, runoff of surface and total water resource and compares with the average value for many years. Moreover it has carried on the analysis of linearity regression to the rainfall and surface runoff and has divided into two different stages. That is according to the need of economy development to the reform of open policy before and after. The surface properties have greatly changed and the surface runoff has been the remarkable change with the change of surface, but also in relation to whole world climatic change.At the same time, analyzing recovered ability of natural ecological environment of Xi’an and studying coordination intensity between resource and population, unreasonable match of water and soil resources in Xi’an plays an importantly restrictive role to agricultural development. On this basis, the government has proposed the strategic thinking and countermeasures of development and utilization of resources in Xi’an area. Strengthen the checking of unused land, put forth effort to solve the problem that the land resource is in short. Build the project of water source on the earth’s surface and replace groundwater resources excessively quarried. Implementing water transfer across basins must be on the basis of great saving and antipollution of water resources and can’t have an effect on ecology and environment of water transferring district. At the same time pay sufficient attention to market-oriented economic feasibility of water transfer, make the plan of grading, classification and space-time assignment in resource development and utilization, make the determination to rational orient of regional resource development and utilization, play the driving role of development and utilization of predominance resources in the key region. Strengthen the government’ macro adjustments and controls of development and utilization of resources and handle the dialectical relation between resource development and ecological environmental protection well, which is the realistic choice of realizing sustainable development of the social economy in Xi’an area.At present Xi’an is in the period of high speed and stabilization of economic development. With the development of industrialization and urbanization, it must cause the occupation of a large amount of cultivated land and the non-agricultural-transformat ion-cultivated land resources and is urging cultivated land resources to shift to the use ofthe high benefit at the same time. The phenomenon of the non-agricultural-transformato n-cultivated land resources was caused by the driving of the constant demand for the constructive area of economic development and the supply taking economic benefits as direction together. With the development of economy and the population increase resulting in increase of the quantity in resource using and the environmental burthen, The scientific prediction of the future resource in line with population and environment have very important meaning to make the strategy in urban economy development.更多还原