【作者】 贺丽清；

【导师】 奚耕思；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 动物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 拟黑多刺蚁(Polyrhachis vicina)隶属于膜翅目(hymenoptera)蚁科(Formicida),是一类典型的营群居、社团性生活的昆虫,这个社会团体不是简单的个体聚集,而是有着严格的等级分工。主要分雄蚁(蚁后 雌蚁(蚁后)和工蚁三个品级,它们在形态和生理上都不尽相同,在群体中各担负不同的职责。雌蚁专司产卵,繁衍后代;雄蚁专司与雌蚁交配生殖;工蚁为非生殖的雌性个体,担任筑巢、清扫巢穴、觅食、养育幼蚁等工作。 拟黑多刺蚁是国家卫生部规定的唯一食药兼用型蚂蚁,营养价值很高,富含蛋白质、多种微量元素和多种维生素;而且也具有很高的药用价值,具有抗炎、镇痛、平喘、解痉、护肝、抑制病毒复制、免疫双向调节等药理作用。因此拟黑多刺蚁在食用和药用上得到广泛的开发和利用,但野外无节制的采集已经极大地破坏了该种蚂蚁的野生资源。近年来,很多学者致力于拟黑多刺蚁人工饲养的研究,并取得了一定的成果。但是目前世界上拟黑多刺蚁仍然处于供不应求状态,如果能找到一种能使其快速繁殖,而且不破坏生态环境的途径,对于拟黑多刺蚁广阔的应用前景,具有很重要的现实意义。 本项研究以拟黑多刺蚁为材料,应用细胞学、形态解剖学、免疫组织化学等方法,对其脑部结构、品级分化的激素调节、性腺发育的激素调节进行研究,探讨拟黑多刺蚁生殖生理和品级分化的分子调节机制,为寻找拟黑多刺蚁的快速繁殖提供理论依据。研究结果如下: 1 和其他昆虫一样,拟黑多刺蚁的脑由前脑、中脑和后脑三部分组成,但是作为三大社会性昆虫,拟黑多刺蚁有着与其它昆虫脑部结构不同之处:在前脑,其蕈形体比一般昆虫的大,占据拟黑多刺蚁蚁脑的大部分空间。蕈形体是昆虫学习记忆的中心,指导着昆虫的行为,由此可以推测拟黑多刺蚁有着比较复杂的行为,同时也具有较强的学习记忆能力。视叶为复眼的视觉中心,视叶的大小决定着蚂蚁视觉灵敏度,但实验结果显示,拟黑多刺蚁视叶比其他膜翅目昆虫的小,说明拟黑多刺蚁视觉不发达。中脑是嗅觉的中心,拟黑多刺蚁中脑嗅叶较大,其中有大的神经纤维球,表明拟黑多刺蚁具有发育良好的嗅觉系统。 2 促性腺激素FSH和LH广泛存在于脊椎动物脑中,起着促进性腺发育、精卵成熟及刺激类固醇激素的产生。在无脊椎动物中,也存在FSH和LH,这两种激素在蚂蚁脑部的定位及对社会性昆虫品级分化的影响,目前尚未见报道。用免疫更多还原

【Abstract】 The Polyrhachis vicina ant belong to hymenoptera Formicida.As one of the typical eusocial insects, which is not a simple individual gathering has a strict hierarchical division of labor in the group. The group is mostly dispart into three castes: male, female (queen) and worker, they are different each other in morphology and physiology. Usually, the queen and the king are relation with reproduction;The worker is the nonreproductive individual, whose job is cleaning, foraging and rearing larvae.The P. vicina ant is the only ant that the national Ministry of Health appoint as an edible and officinal ant, which possess high nutritional value like protein, multiple microelement and multivitamin;The P. vicina ant also has high medicinal value, such as inflammation, analgesic, asthma, convulsion, protect the liver, restrain reproduction of virus, bidirectional immune regulation etc. Thus the Polyrhachis vicina ant has been extensively exploited and utilized in edible and medicine. But the prensent situation is that the P. vicina ant ants are in short supply, if it can find a way that can improve the velocity of reproduce, but no harming to the environment will be very helpful to the extensive use of Polyrhachis vicina ants.At present, the P. vicina ant brain structure, the sex hormine regulation of caste differentiation and the sex hormine regulation of gonadal development underlying swarming behavior were investigated by histology , cytology andimmunohistochemistry methods. The main results describe as follows :1. The brain structure of P. vicina ants is the same as other insects, the brain is made up of three components: the forebrain, the midbrain, and hindbrain. But there are some differences in volume: in the forebrain, the mushroom body is larger than any insects, it take up the most space of its brain. The mushroom body is the centre of learning and memory, which instructs the insects behavior, so it can be presumed that the P. vicina ant has more complex behaviour and well developed capacity of learning and memory. The optic leaf is the center of vision, its size determine the visual acuity of ant. But the result is that the optic leaf of P. vicina ant is smaller than other hymenoptera insects, that is indicate that P. vicina ant has undeveloped vision.Midbrain belong to the nerve center of olfaction, there are large nerve fibers balls in the midbrain. The rhinencephalon of P. vicina ant, which indicate that the Polyrhachis vicina ant has a well developed olfactory system.2. Gonadotrophin Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) are widespread in the vertebrate brain, They play a crucial role in the oogenesis and spermatogenesis of vertebrates, they also stimulate steroid hormone production. Control of gonad development in insect also requires brain gonadotropin. In invertebrates, there also have FSH and LH. But there is no investigation about the exist of those hormones in the brain of ant. In the present study, the immunocytochemical localization of FSH and LH in the brain of ant (P. vicina) were investigated with SABC (strept avidin-biotin complex) method. Then presume the effection of FSH and LH in ant caste differentation. The results indicated that FSH and LH existed in brain of different developmental stages. In the female, FSH immunopositive nerve cells were found in the right part of forebrain before it flying and the last instar larvae and lift part of forebrain in the male ant. But its weaker than female. LH immunopositive cells were found in the lift part of forebrain before it flying and the last instar larvae, close to midbrain;LH inmmunopositive cells found in the lift part of male ant before it flying. But there is no immunoreactivity of FSH and LH were detected in the brain of early stage larvae female ants, after flying and every stages of workers. So it indicate that FSH and LH exist in the brain of P. vicina ant. Which may regulate the labor division of P. vicina ant.3.Gonadotrophin is the sex hormone that regulate gonad development, oogenesis and spermatogenesis. We used immunocytochemical staining technique to detect the distribution of FSH and LH in spermary and ovary in P. vicina ant. The results showed : FSH and LH existed in fatbody in pro-flying female ant gonad and leydig cell in male ant gonad, FSH is also existed in primary oocyte follicular cell in the female reproductive ants, but no LH positive reaction. In the process of spermatogenesis there was no FSH and LH positive reaction. This experiment, firstly, proved the existence of FSH and LH in gonad of P. vicina.更多还原