【作者】 王彦青；

【导师】 廉振民； 乔格侠；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 生态学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 新疆位于欧亚大陆中部,北连俄罗斯、西接中亚和欧洲,南邻印度次大陆,是不同地区动物成分交流汇聚的场所。新疆气候干旱、环境封闭,因而形成了以水资源为主要限制因素,以绿洲生态为中心的独特生态地理区域,这种独特的环境条件又为许多特殊物种成分的形成创造了条件。特殊的地理位置和环境条件赋予了新疆在物种多样性和动物地理学研究中的特殊地位。 蚜虫是同翅目昆虫中一个较大的类群,世界已知4700余种,中国共记载13科,251属,1000余种。除角倍蚜为有益昆虫外,其余大多数为植物害虫,有些则是世界著名的农林大害虫。随着新疆农业生产的不断扩大,蚜虫危害也日趋严重。开展新疆地区蚜虫类物种多样性、区系组成和空间分布特征的研究,将有助于对本地区蚜虫类物种多样性的现状、物种来源和扩散路径有个清楚认识,为蚜害的早期预报和积极防治提供参考资料。此外,对本地区蚜虫空间分布特征及其原因的探讨也将为欧洲、中亚、西亚及印度次大陆交界处许多重要生物地理学问题的最终解决提供有益的参考。 本论文在几十年野外考察采集记录和系统研究的基础上建立了新疆蚜虫分布数据库,并将其按经纬度导入到地理信息系统(GIS)中,然后将其分别与新疆地图、中国动物地理区划图和植被分布图叠加,探讨了新疆蚜虫的空间分布特征及其影响因素。研究结果如下: 1.从分类阶元、寄主植物和寄生部位等角度系统研究了新疆蚜虫类昆虫的物种多样性,共发现蚜虫5科58属199种,寄主植物55科192属。无论在属级水平还是在种级水平,蚜科均占有绝对优势,分别占新疆所有属数和种数的65.52%和67.84%。 2.区系组成研究的结果显示,全北区成分占绝对优势(47.24%),是区系组成的主体;广布种和特有种分别占总数的23.12%和16.58%,此外,一些仅分布在新疆和国外的蚜虫种类也占有相当比例(19.60%)。 3.新疆蚜虫的空间分布具有显著的纬度梯度性和经度梯度性特点,这与天山山脉在新疆的地理位置和走向是紧密相关的。 4.新疆蚜虫的分布格局可以划分为四个类型,即古北区+东洋区+澳更多还原

【Abstract】 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is located in the centre of Eurasia, where the Russia borders on it’s north part, Middle-Asia and Europe on it’s west part, and Hindustan on it’s south part, so it becomes a converge region of different fauna. Its climate is arid, and the environment is close, so it forms a special region which the main restrict factor is water and the center is oasis, and the peculiar environment provide advantaged conditions to speciation. Its special location and environment make it an important role in biodiversity and biogeography research.The aphid is a big taxonomic group in homopterans, there are 4700 known species in the world, and about 1000 species belong to 251 genera and 13 families in China. Most of aphids are plant pest except that Schlechtendalia chinensis is beneficial. With the development of agriculture, the damage caused by aphids has become increasingly serious. So it will be very helpful to understand the current status of aphids’ biodiversity, the origin and dispersal route through the research of faunal component and spatial distribution, and it will also offer consult information to forecast and prevention aphids’ damage. Besides, it will also offer significant reference to resolve many important biogeography problems happened on Europe, Middle-Asia, West-Asia and Hindustan boundaruys.This paper found the aphids distribution datebase on the bases of long time’s field collection record, and input it to The GIS(geographic information system), then it was overlapped with the map of Xinjiang, zoogeographic regions, and vegetation map. Through above approach, the paper discussed the distribution character and it’s affecting factors of aphids in Xinjiang. These results show:1. The paper reviews the species diversity of aphids in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from aphid taxa, host plants and infesting locations. There are 199 known species belonging to 58 genera and 58 families in this region. Host plants of aphids in this region lie in 192 genera and 55 families.Aphididae is dominant in the numbers of genera and species, and includes 65.52% of known genera and 67.84% of known aphids in this region.2. The statistic results show that the Holarctic component is dominant [47.24% of total). 23.12% of species are wide-spread and 16.58% are endemic to Xinjiang. Furthermore, the species distributed only in Xinjiang and abroad account for 19.60%.3. The geographical distributions of aphids show obvious gradient changes in latitude and longitude in the region, and the geographical distributional pattern is closely related to the geographical position and direction of Tianshan Mountains.4. The result indicates that the distribution pattern includes 4 different types: namely Palaearctic region+Oriental region+Australian, Palaearctic region+Oriental region+Afrotropical region+Nearctic region, Palaearctic region+Oriental region+ Nearctic region and Palaearctic region+ Afrotropical region+ Nearctic region. The results imply that the aphids’ elements have 4 different regions.5. The numbers of distribution cites and species are different between different zoogeographic regions. Because the acreage and vegetation is various, the species in Tianshan Subregion and West desert Subregion are abundant, and those in Altai mountain region (Xingan Subregion) and Qiang-Tang subregion are poor.6. The distribution of different families is various, as was instanced by comparing Drepanosiphidae with Pemphigidae. the result indicates that the main reason which leads to this distribution patterns is the different dispersal route and life history.7. The result indicates that the geographical position and change process are the main reasons which result in the current status of the aphid species diversity, fauna component and spatial distribution in Xinjiang. The climate and environment also play an important role to the certain extent, and the influence of human activity has accelerated the aphids’ biodiversity and spatial distribution changes.更多还原