【作者】 伍小红；

【导师】 李建科；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 食品科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 入世以来,中国农产品出口不断受到“绿色贸易壁垒”的阻碍,苹果及苹果浓缩汁(AJC)的出口也不例外。农药残留是苹果安全贮藏中的一个重要问题。因此,研究苹果的安全贮藏方法,消除农药残留,建立贮藏过程的危害关键控制点,对于提升我国苹果的国际竞争力具有重要意义。 本文研究了臭氧处理红富士苹果对其采后贮藏特性的影响,以及对农药残留降解的作用,提出了用臭氧水洗和臭氧气体处理苹果的安全贮藏方法,同时,进行了臭氧对有机磷和拟除虫菊酯农药的降解作用研究。为臭氧处理苹果的安全贮藏技术提供理论依据及技术参考。研究结果如下: 1.研究了臭氧处理对苹果采后生理和贮藏特性的影响。分别用0.57mg/L和1.17mg/L的臭氧水浓度,清洗处理红富士苹果10min后,室温贮藏35天,结果表明,以浓度为1.17mg/L的臭氧水洗苹果后对贮藏保鲜效果好,该处理组乙烯释放量增加了269%,对照组苹果的乙烯释放量增加了371%。说明臭氧有降低苹果乙烯释放量作用(P<0.05);经过臭氧处理的苹果可滴定酸含量下降了15.3%,对照苹果的可滴定酸含量下降了27.6%,说明臭氧处理可以抑制苹果可滴定酸含量的降低;臭氧处理的苹果失重率为2.14%,对照组的失重率为2.86%,说明臭氧处理可以降低苹果在贮藏过程中的失重率。 2.研究表明,当臭氧处理浓度升高到22.5 mg/m~3(10.5ppm)时,苹果可滴定酸含量、硬度的下降比对照组的下降幅度要大,可见高浓度的臭氧处理对苹果贮藏指标有可能有着反作用;经过21天的贮存后,高浓度臭氧处理组苹果产生了黑点伤害症状。 3.研究了臭氧对常用有机磷农药和拟除虫菊酯类农药在水中的降解情况。 (1)用浓度为1.17mg/L的臭氧水处理浓度为2mg/L的甲胺磷、敌敌畏、久效磷这三种有机磷农药溶液10min,对甲胺磷的降解率是73.41%;对敌敌畏的降解率是57.86%;对久效磷的降解率是47.53%。经过显著性分析,臭氧处理10min即达显著效果。 (2)用浓度为1.17mg/L的臭氧水处理4mg/L的功夫菊酯、氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯这三种拟除虫菊酯类农药10 min,结果表明,对甲氰菊酯的降解率为93.15%,对氯氰菊酯的降解率为85.19%,对功夫菊酯的降解率为84.48%。 4.研究了臭氧对常用有机磷农药和拟除虫菊酯类农药在苹果中的降解情况。 (1)用浓度为1.17mg/L的臭氧水洗载有三种有机磷农药的苹果,10min可达到更多还原

【Abstract】 Since China’s access to WTO, our farm products are frequently frustrated by green technical barriers in export trade, with the apple and apple juice concentrate (AJC) included. Pesticide residues are important factors which are responsible for the safety apple storage. Therefore, studying the method of safety apple storage, eliminating pesticides residue and the determination of the critical control points and the hazard analysis will play a significant role in increasing the international trade.The effects of storage and degradation of pesticide residues of Red Fuji apple by ozone treatment was studied in this paper. The safety apple storage technique by treatment of ozone gas and ozone water was proposed as well as the method of degradation of organophosphorus and pyrethroid by ozone, which can be a reference, for the safety apple storage.The results of the studies are listed as follows:1. The characteristic of physiology and storage of picked apple by ozone treatment was shows that ethylene was increased to 269% in the ozone treated group (ozone concentration at 1.17mg/L for 10 min) contrast with 371% in control group. The results indicated that ozone can decrease ethylene release from apple;Titratable acid of ozone treated apple reduce to 15.3% contrast with 27.6% in control group, and the hardness of ozone treated apple was 2.14% contrast with 2.86% in control group, which indicated that ozone can inhibit titratable acid and fruit hardness decrease of apple in storage.2. The titratable acid and fruit hardness of ozone treated apple was more decrease than that in contrast apple while ozone concentration rise to 22.5mg/m~3(10ppm), moreover, some black spot symptom was presented after 21 days in storage in the treated apple, this indicated that high concentration ozone could possible cause advise effect on apple storage.3. The effect of ozone on decrease in common pesticide of pyrethroid and organophosphorus in water was studied.(1) The ozone water at 1.17mg/L treatment for methamidophos, dichlorovos and monocrotophos for 10 minutes showed that the degradation ratio of methamidophos, dichlorovos and monocrotophos residue were 73.41%, 57.86% and 47.53% respectivelystatistical analysis shows that 10 minutes treatment can reach its maximal effect.(2) The ozone water at 1.17mg/L treatment for fenpropathrin, cypermethrin, cyhalothrin for 10 minutes showed that the degradation ratio of fenpropathrin, cypermethrin and cyhalothrin residues were 93.51%, 85.19% and 84.48% respectively.4. The effect of ozone on decrease in common pesticide of pyrethroid and organophosphorus on apple was studied.(1) The ozone water at 1.17mg/L treatment for apple with methamidophos, dichlorovos, monocrotophos for 10 minutes showed that the degradation ratio of methamidophos,dichlorovos,monocrotophos residue were 61.8%,53.9% and 38.3% respectively statistical analysis shows that 10 minutes treatment can reach its maximal effect.(2) The ozone water at 1.17mg/L treatment for apple with fenpropathrin, cypermethrin, cyhalothrin for 10 minutes showed that the degradation ratio of fenpropathrin, cypermethrin and cyhalothrin residues were 57.96%, 44.44% and 38.07%.5. The safety process of apple storage was proposed according to apple storage characteristic based on the process of apple in refrigeration storage of Baishui Country Hongda Fruit Group: apple collection —>precool —^antiseptic and preservation —?package in wooden crate or plastic box in storage —^control of apple storage temperature, and humidity level(storage temperature is 0.5~0°C, relative humidity is 90~95%, carbon dioxide concentration < 2%) —^graded packet as commercialization apple and delivery of cargo from storage. In combination with HACCP system, analyze each hazard factors which would possibly affect the effect of apple storage, the critical control points were set up and that was an excellent result in practice. It has potential to be applied for the HACCP system of safety apple store in the factory.更多还原