【作者】 王立志；

【导师】 李晓晨；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 生态学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 从原生动物到哺乳类，所有动物都会逃避极端低温和极端高温，表现出偏爱温度适中区。在一个有温度梯度的热环境中，能够运动的动物都会向一个较窄的最适温度范围集中。这种现象称作行为热调节或温度偏爱。这种最终适温被赋予以下定义：在一个温度梯度中，一个给定种的所有个体将最终都会向某一温度聚集，而不管它们在被置于这一存在温度梯度的热环境之前的热经历如何，这一温度称作最终适温。热偏爱反映了诸如新陈代谢、运动、繁殖和生长等生理过程所要求的最适温度。事实上，动物常常将诸如生长、繁殖和觅食等能够提高适合度的活动集中在一个较窄的温度范围内。 传统上，驯化被定义为，在实验室中动物对单一环境变量的改变而产生的生理特性上的适应性调整。类似的，国际生理科学协会(IUPS)热生物学委员会(2003)给驯化的定义是，发生在一个有机体内的一些生理的或行为的变化，这些变化能够减少实验诱导产生的紧张或提高对这些紧张的耐受性。生理学家经常假设，表型上产生的所有适应性变化将提高有机体的生理机能或适合度。 中国林蛙(Rana chensinensis)属于两栖纲无尾目蛙属，为国家二级保护动物。主要分布于我国的东北地区。其雌性的输卵管也叫林蛙油，俗称哈什蟆油。林蛙油是一种名贵药材，具有多种药用功效。由于过量捕捉和自然环境的严重破坏，中国林蛙野生资源日益减少，己被列入《中国濒危动物红皮书》，成为易危(Ⅴ)物种。 本文通过对中国林蛙卵及蝌蚪在不同温度下的生长发育和耐受性研究，探讨孵化温度对中国林蛙卵的孵化率、孵化出蝌蚪的成活率和全长的影响；通过中国林蛙卵的发育起点温度和有效积温的研究，探讨温度对中国林蛙卵的生长发育的影响；探讨饲养温度和中国林蛙蝌蚪的生长发育之间的关系；探讨处于不同生长发育阶段中国林蛙幼体(蝌蚪期、变态期和幼蛙期)对热的选择性及其耐受性之间的关系，为人工饲养、繁殖及保护中国林蛙提供理论基础。 1．孵化温度对中国林蛙卵的孵化率影响显著；孵化后3天蝌蚪的成活率随温度的升高而降低，30℃下孵化的中国林蛙蝌蚪在2天内全部死亡；温度对中国林蛙卵孵化后蝌蚪全长的影响极显著，中国林蛙的卵孵化后3天蝌蚪的全长随温度的升高而增加；应用直线回归法和直接最优化法算得的中国林蛙卵的发育起点温度和更多还原

【Abstract】 Abstract All animals, from protozoans to mammals, avoid extremely high and low temperatures, showing a preference for intermediate range. When a thermal gradient is available, motile animals congregate within a narrow preferred thermal range. This phenomenon was termed behavioral thermoregulation or temperature preference. Fry gave a definition to the final preferendum as "a temperature around which all individuals (of a given species) will ultimately congregate, regardless of their thermal experience before being placed in a gradient". Thermal preference can reflect the optimal temperature required for some biological processes such as metabolism, movement, reproduction and growth. Actually, animals often concentrate fitness-enhancing activities, such as growth, mating, reproduction and foraging, over a narrow thermal range. It is therefore assumed that these fitness-enhancing activities are most efficient at the preferred temperature.Traditionally, acclimation has been defined as the adjustment of physiological traits in response to changes in a single environmental variable in the lab. Similarly, IUPS Thermal Commission (2003) gave the definition of acclimation as some physiological or behavioral changes occur within an organism, which reduces the strain or enhances endurance of the strain caused by experimentally induced stressful changes in particular climatic factors. Physiologists often assumed that all acclimation changes to the phenotype enhanced the physiological performance or fitness of an individual organism in the environment in which those changes were induced.Chinese forest frog belongs to the genus Rana, order Anura, phylum Amphibian, distributing in the northeastern region of China. It is listed in the second rank in the list of animals that must be protected. The Fallopian tube of this species is called forest frog oil, a very famous Chinese traditional medicine with multiple curative effects. The resources of Chinese forest frog decreases dramatically these years due to over exploited. This species has been listed in "China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals"Development and thermal tolerance of the Chinese forest frog tadpoles and the更多还原