【作者】 王薇；

【导师】 吴宪忠；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 韩礼德是系统功能语言学派创始人,他提出了语言的三个纯理功能,即概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能。概念功能指的是语言对人们在现实世界中各种经历加以表达的功能,它由及物性系统和语态实现;人际功能是讲话者运用语言表达社会和人际关系,它由语气、情态和语调实现;语篇功能指的是语言本身前后连贯,与语域发生联系的功能,它由主位结构、信息结构和衔接系统实现。语篇功能使语言本身连贯,语篇完整。衔接是保证语义连贯的重要手段。衔接理论的研究可追溯至20世纪60—70年代。在衔接理论构建及发展方面,韩礼德和哈桑被视为杰出的奠基人。在他们提出衔接理论框架后,研究者们有的致力于对该理论的完善及扩展,诸如中国学者胡壮麟、黄国文、张德禄等,外国专家威多逊、侯易;有的探索衔接与连贯的关系,如恩克威斯特、布朗和尤尔;还有的从理论交叉的角度来阐述衔接与连贯的关系,如认知心理学、图示理论、相关理论及语义学等。韩礼德和哈桑于1964年首次提出衔接概念,他们认为从语义的角度,衔接不但存在于句子内,而且连接大的篇章。他把衔接分为两大类:词汇衔接与语法衔接。1976年出版的《英语的衔接》一书标志着衔接理论的成熟。在该书中韩礼德和哈桑将衔接分为照应、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接。韩礼德和哈桑认为词汇衔接指语篇中出现的一部分词汇相互之间在语义上的联系,并把它们归纳为两大类:复现和词汇搭配。复现可以是同一个项目的重复、同义词、反义词、上下义词、泛指词。词汇搭配表示通常出现在同一个语义场的项目同现的现象。语法衔接是体现句子语义的外在形式,分为照应、替代、省略和连接四种。照应表示某个项目自己不能解释自己,而是必须到语篇中的其他地方寻求其解释。依据所指对象在语篇中的位置可分为外照应和内照应,具有衔接功能的是内照应。所指对象位于上文是前照应,所指对象位于下文是后照应。照应主要分为三大类:人称照应、指示照应、比较照应。人称照应表示话语角色主要由人称代词体现。指示照应表示一种语言指示现象,其区别在于远近、地点、时间、单数、复数等,主要由指示代词和指示副更多还原

【Abstract】 M.A.K Halliday, a founder of systemic-functional school of linguistics, proposes three“metafunctions”of language—the ideational, the interpersonal and the textual function. Ideational function is realized by the system of transitivity and voice. Interpersonal function is achieved by the system of mood, modality and appraisal. Textual function is represented by the system of thematic structure, information structure and cohesion.The concept of cohesion was first put forward by M.A.K Halliday and R. Hasan in 1964. They state that, semantically, cohesion exists not only grammatically within the sentence structure, but also links larger chunks of text and classify cohesion into five categories: reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion.Grammatical cohesion is a kind of surface marking of semantic links between clauses and sentences in written texts and utterances and it falls into four categories: reference, substitution, ellipsis and conjunction. Reference is a device which allows the receiver to trace participants, entities, events etc. in a text. There are three types of reference: personal, demonstrative and comparative. Substitution refers to the replacement of one item by another, usually, for the purpose of reducing redundancy. The three types of substitution are nominal, verbal and clausal. Ellipsis can be defined as substitution by zero. When something that is structurally necessary is left unsaid, ellipsis occurs. It is divided into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. Conjunction expresses certain meanings that presuppose the presence of other components in a discourse.Lexical cohesion is obtained through lexis or vocabulary. There are two types of lexical cohesion: reiteration and collocation.Cohesive patterns play an indispensable role in the process of text by a listener or a reader. They signal organizational patterns of texts. The knowledge of cohesion theory encourages students to make great efforts to read and search for needed messages and contributes to their awareness of different ways referring to the discourse so that they know what to choose in a certain text, therefore, their text creating and decoding abilities can be improved.更多还原