针对主减速器质量评价的振动信号分析技术研究

【作者】 黄嘉；

【导师】 丁杰雄；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 精密仪器及机械， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文主要对汽车后桥主减速器壳表面的振动信号进行分析。这是在主减速器综合评价方法的基础上,针对其中一项重要的试验参数——主减速器齿轮的啮合状况,而提出的分析方法。论文从主减速器的功能和结构入手,说明了对其噪声振动信号进行分析的必要性,阐述了主减速器齿轮噪声产生机理和来源,并分析了噪声信号与振动信号之间的密切关系。通过对噪声、振动信号的采集方法,以及噪声与振动信号的分析方法进行对比后,认为采用振动信号的分析方法比噪声分析方法能更科学地检测主减速器的装配质量。文章提出了振动分析系统的方案设计,并且搭建了用于测量和分析的以传感器+接口装置+个人电脑构成的系统。为了兼顾Visual C++强大的编译能力以及Matlab良好的数据处理和图形显示能力,系统的软件处理部分采用两者混合编写的方式来实现。基于小波变换在信号处理以及故障诊断领域的广泛应用,选用Daubechies族小波对采集的信号进行分解。通过对系统输入模拟信号,在进行合适层数的分解以后,可以清晰地分辨出原始信号中的近似成分和细节成分。如果是实际的采集系统所收集的数据,其近似成分与齿轮的啮频及其谐波对应,而细节成分则与高频的故障信号相对应。根据对这两部分信号的分析可以判断主减速器是否有故障存在,并可进一步根据细节分解信号的周期等特性来推断可能产生故障的部位。主减速器振动信号分析方法可以替代现阶段在生产线上,利用熟练工人用耳听主减速器齿轮啮合声响来进行判断的方法,大大提高主减速器质量评估的速度和科学性,具有较强的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the analysis of the vibration signal of the automobile drive shaft is described. Based on the comprehensive estimating method of the final drive, the analysis method is proposed to focus on analyzing one of the important testing targets– the meshing states of the spiral bevel gears and differential gears of the final drive when they are working under the imitating conditions.It starts with the structure and functions of the final drive, which helps in testifying the importance of noise or vibration analyzing. Then the sources and principles of the noise of final drive gear are presented. And the close relationship between noise and vibration signal is discussed. Compare the collecting and analysis techniques of the two forms of signal, it is shown that the vibration analysis method is more suitable and scientific in evaluating the assemble quality of final drive.The paper also designs the vibration signal analysis system composed of sensor, interface installations and the computer. Because of the powerful compilatory capability of Visual C++ software and the favorable capability of data processing and graphics displaying of Matlab software, the mixed programming is adopted in order to implement the functions of the analysis system. Based on the broad applications of wavelet theory in failure diagnosis, the Daubechies wavelet function is employed in this system.This proposed analysis method is about to replace the traditional method with experienced operators in detecting the quality of final drive. The simulated signal is taken into the system and analysed using the method aforementioned as an example. According to the analysis results, the conclusions for evaluating the quality of final drive can be drawn more rapidly and rationally.更多还原