空间交会激光雷达测量技术及计算机仿真

【作者】 刘长久；

【导师】 杨华军；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 光学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 神六的成功发射和返回,标志着我国的航天事业进入了大规模开发和利用近地空间的新阶段。为了开展空间科学试验和应用技术研究,就必须建设永久性空间站。空间交会对接技术是建立空间站的关键技术,而空间交会激光雷达技术又是空间交会中的关键技术。本论文构建了一个空间交会激光雷达信息测量方案,并通过计算机仿真验证了该方案具有可行性。论文主要内容有:1.对测量距离的两种常用方法,脉冲记数法和相位法作了分析和比较。对脉冲计数法中的两种提高测量精度的插入法:模拟插入法和延迟线插入法的精度和测量盲区两个方面作了分析和比较。2.对测量速度的两种方法,多普勒频移法和曲线拟合微分法作了分析和比较;对以幂函数族和以正交函数族为基底的最小二乘曲线拟合法作了对比分析。3.对角度的测量方案作了分析、研究,对常用的三种光斑定位器件:QD、PSD和CCD的性能进行了对比分析。4.通过研究,最终确定了以模拟插入脉冲计数法测距,幂函数族基最小二乘曲线拟合微分法测速,四象限探测器(QD)光斑定位法测角的脉冲激光雷达整体测量方案。在测得方位信息及距离信息的基础上,完成了对目标航天器的三维信息,即位置三维信息( x , y , z )和速度三维信息( v_x , v_y ,v_z)测量的仿真。5.在Matlab的仿真工具软件Simulink中对空间交会激光雷达信息测量系统进行了计算机仿真。通过对距离测量、角度测量和速度测量的仿真得到如下结论:使用脉冲激光束测量目标航天器的距离、速度和方位信息的技术方案是可行的。误差分析表明:在小于1km的近距离内,使用模拟插入脉冲计数法测得的距离精度高,误差为0.008m。如果增大模数转换器的位数,距离的精度还可以进一步提高。采用最小二乘法拟合速度所得的速度精度也较高,误差为0.0092m/s。6.用3DSMAX进行三维建模、场景设置及动画制作,完成了空间交会对接及激光雷达信息测量的三维演示软件的制作。更多还原

【Abstract】 The successful launch and return of Shenzhou-VI, marks that our aerospace technology has entered the era of large-scale near-space exploitation and utilization.In the near future, the technology is directly expected to serve for national economy.In order to develop the space experiment and research on its application, it is imperative to build a permanent space station.,where rendezvous and docking plays an important role.Meanwhile, the technology of the rendezvous Lidar is pivotal for rendezvous and docking. Rendezvous Lidar information measure system scheme has been set up in our research, and its feasibility is verified by computer simulation.1 . In measuring distance, two common methods:pulse -counting and phase-shifting are compared and analyzed. we analyze and compare analog intervene method and time delay method according to their measuring precision and the measuring blind area to improve the measuring precision.2.Doppler frequency shifting and curve fitting differential methods for measuring velocity are analyzed and compared . The least-squares curve fitting methods based on power functions and orthogonal functions are analyzed and compared.3 . Analysis and study for angle measuring schemes is conducted.The performances of QD,PSD and CCD which are commonly used for optical spot location are analyzed and compared.4 . Through our research, the whole measuring scheme is finalized for pulse-counting method with analog intervene chosen to measure distance, the differential coefficient method based on the least-squares curve fitting based on power functions chosen to measure velocity and QD optical spot location method chosen to measure angle . With the orientation and distance information having been measured, measurement of 3-D(three dimensional) information of targeted spacecraft, i.e. its location 3-D information (x,y,z) and velocity 3-D information ( v_x , v_y ,v_z) have been simulated .5.Computer simulation for rendezvous laser information measuring system更多还原