红外无源定位技术研究

【作者】 曹磊；

【导师】 刘钊；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 信号与信息处理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 在组网系统中,雷达发挥着巨大的作用。但是,由于雷达在工作时不可避免的向空中辐射大功率电磁波,因而极易成为电子干扰和反辐射导弹攻击的目标。和雷达不同,红外无源探测器通过接收目标辐射的热能进行定位和跟踪,不向空中辐射任何能量,因而不易被侦察或定位,具有很强的抗干扰能力。因而,红外无源探测器已成为一个重要的探测手段。同时,系统中如果包含雷达和红外两种异类探测器,它们获取的数据互为补充,互相印证,将会极大的提高系统的抗干扰、抗打击、反侦察的能力,大大扩展其适用范围。结合某组网系统的开发工作,作者对无源定位与跟踪技术进行了深入的理解和学习,并且将三维雷达和红外探测器有效的融入组网系统中去,实现了项目所要求的功能。要实现静止的红外探测器的定位功能,由于只能得到目标的方位数据,无法获取距离信息,所以至少需要两站的方位数据协同进行定位。然而,红外探测器开机的时间可能有所不同,或是转速不一致,导致获取数据的时间很多时候存在区别。寻找合适的时间对齐的方法就成为必须。本文对常用的滤波预测方法进行改进,使之适合于方位数据的时间对齐,然后利用目标所在射线与两异面射线的公垂线的交点作为目标位置的近似,来达到无源定位的目标。在多静止红外探测器探测多目标的情况下,最为关键的是如何判断发送到处理中心的方位数据属于多个目标中的那个。为了解决这个问题,本文引入“池”的概念,将某一个时间段内的数据按照某些判据进行相关,从而实现方位数据的关联。由于定位利用了两个探测器的信息,所以,需要利用第三个探测器来进行判断。同时,由于“池”本身的局限性,在判据中尽可能的利用系统中可以提供的信息来剔除算法所引入的虚假点。由于系统中还存在三维雷达,并且以前的系统是针对雷达数据来进行设计和实现的。在红外探测器可以进行定位之后,将定位过的数据作为三维雷达获取的数据,送入系统的流程,进行航迹的起始和更新,从而实现异类探测器的数据融合。从仿真试验和实地的场地试验中,均验证了以上方法的有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The radars play a great role in the sensor-network system. But they are easy to be the target of the disturbance of electromagnetic wave and the missile of anti-radiation because of the high-powered electromagnetic wave they radiate. On the contrary, the infrared passive sensors detect and locate the targets in the space by the use of the heat of the targets, and they don’t radiate any energy to the space. So it’s hard to detect or locate the infrared passive sensors, and they become an import role in the field of detection. At the same time, if there are two kinds of sensors, like the radars and the infrared sensors, in a network system, the data from the different types of sensors can complement with each other, prove the ability of anti-disturbance, anti-strike, anti-detect of the system, and expand the scope of the system applied greatly.With the research and development of a certain sensor-network fence system, the author goes deep into the study and research of the passive location and tracking, combines the 3D radars and the infrared sensors into a system, and realizes the function the fence system desires.Because of the lack of the length information of the target, we need the measurements from two stationary infrared sensors at least if we want to locate the target that we focus on. In fact, because the startup time or the rotating speed of the sensors may be different, the time of the measurements the sensors get aren’t the same in most circumstance. So it’s necessary to synchronize the measurements of the different sensors. This paper improves the common-used way of prediction to synchronize the measurements, and then realizes the passive location with the use of the near location that comes from the point of intersection of the perpendicular of the two radials and the radial the target locates.In the circumstance of multi targets and multi stationary sensors, the most important problem is how to identify the measurements that belong to the same target. To solve this problem, the paper introduces the "POOL" to associate the measurements in a segment of time with the use of some criterions. Because the measurements of two sensors have been used, the measurements of another sensor must be introduced to be更多还原