一种基于LEACH的无线传感器网络路由协议

【作者】 杨洋；

【导师】 周小佳；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 模式识别与智能系统， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 传感器、嵌入式计算、网络和无线通信四大技术孕育了无线传感器网络。无线传感器网络可以被广泛的应用于军事,商业,医疗救护,环境监测等多方面。由于无线传感器网络通常由大量密集的传感器节点构成,节点的能源、计算能力和带宽都非常有限,传统的无线路由协议不适合无线传感器网络。从而设计能够有效节约能源,延长网络生命周期的路由协议成为了无线传感器网络研究的一个重点。本文先总结归纳了无线传感器网络的结构、特点、应用范围、现有解决传感器网络能量高效性问题的方法。并重点对现有的无线传感器网络路由协议进行了分析研究,针对这些协议存在的整体能耗高、网络生命周期短等缺点,在LEACH路由协议基础上,对LEACH路由协议进行了改进,我们把改进后的路由协议称为LEACH NEW。在LEACH NEW中,我们分别在簇头选择算法和网络中最优簇数的确定两方面对LEACH进行了改进。簇头选择算法的改进:通过考虑候选簇头节点的剩余能量水平和它们传输时的能量消耗,对LEACH中的阈值T(n)进行调整。从而采用新的簇头选择机制。最优簇数的确定的改进:通过考虑LEACH中遗漏的发送广播包所消耗的能量重新计算最优簇数。经过NS2仿真平台的测试,改进后的路由协议LEACH NEW使得整个网络在较低的能耗水平下获得了较长的生命周期。具有较好的能量优化特性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless sensor network, a new generation of sensor network, was formed by the combination of sensors embeded calculation, network and wireless communication technologies. The wireless sensor network is widely applied in military, commercial, medical and environment monitoring fields. The wireless sensor network consists of a large quantity of sensor nodes whose power, calculation ability and bandwidth are so limited that traditional wireless routing protocol is not suitable for wireless sensor network, it is the key point to save power and prolong the lifetime of network in the research of wireless sensor network.First, the structure, features, application fields and the way to keep power of wireless sensor network effective is generalized in this dissertation. Second, the current routing protocols of wireless sensor network are analyzed, aiming at the disadvantage that the protocols have high power dissipation and short lifetime. Based on the LEACH routing protocol, we improve the LEACH routing protocol, and then name the advanced routing protocol LEACH NEW, in which we improve cluster head selection algorithm and optimal cluster number determination of LEACH respectively.The improvement on selection of cluster head: considering the remaining power and power consumption in transmission of candidate cluster heads, the valve value is adjusted and a new cluster head selection mechanism is adopted.The improvement on the determination of optimal cluster: optimal clusters are recalculated by analysis of the power consumption of missing broadcast package in LEACH.Simulation on ns2 platform demonstrates that the improved routing protocol enables the whole network has long lifetime on the low power level and has comparatively good power optimum property.更多还原