【作者】 刘艳华；

【导师】 张明海；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 野生动植物保护与利用， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 狍为我国重要的经济动物。目前,由于栖息地的破坏及乱捕滥猎,野生狍种群的数量及其分布范围已明显减少。因此,深入了解目前狍各地理单元种群的分子变异,可以为我们制定保护策略提供重要的依据。本文以粪便为研究材料对32个不同狍个体(来自3个不同地区)的线粒体DNA控制区的部分序列进行了测定和群体分析,并对高质量粪便DNA样品的保存方法进行了初步探讨。结果表明:(1)本次分析的32份狍样品的mtDNA D-loop的长度为460bp,并且有50个变异位点;单倍型多样性(h)平均值为0.988,核苷酸多样性(p)平均值为0.022 60,总体遗传多样性较高。(2)32条序列中共发现27种单倍型。(3)三个地理单元的狍种群中,大兴安岭地区的狍种群具有较高的碱基差异数、最高的核苷酸多样性和最高的核苷酸差异平均数。(4)来源于不同地区的个体在系统进化树中呈镶嵌分布。(5)对于来源于相同个体的粪便样品,从采用冷冻保存法保存的粪便样品中所提取的DNA提取的质量明显优于采用酒精浸泡法和干燥保存方法保存的粪便样品。此方法采集和保存简单,实验省时、经济,可应用于寒冷地区冬季有蹄类各种动物的粪便取样。根据上述结果,建议:(1)大兴安岭地区狍种群的遗传多样性较高,从保护物种基因多态性的角度,应将此种群列为最优先保护的单元。(2)小兴安岭北坡和完达山的狍种群遗传多样性比大兴安岭地区狍种群遗传多样性低,建议紧接着大兴安岭种群的保护顺序予以保护。更多还原

【Abstract】 The roe deer is an important economic animal in China. Up to now, pocaching roe deer and their habitat fragmentation or losses have reduced population size and geographical range. Therefore, understanding the morphological and molecular variation of different geographic population of roe deer is important for us designing conservation strategies. The 32 faecal samples from three differences geographic regions: the Great Khingan Mountains, the northern part of the Lesser Khingan Mountains and the Wandashan Mountains in Heilongjiang Province, Norheastern China, were sequenced and population analysis. The results show: (1) In this study, the length of the D-loop of mtDNA genome from 32 samples was 460bp. 50 sites were polymorphic. It was indicated that the general genetic diversity population was of higher level as shown of by following parameters: the mean value of haplotype diversity (h) was 0.9880;the mean value of nucleotide diversity (p) was 0.022 60. (2) 27 haplotypes were identified from 32 sequences. (3) Among the roe deer population of three geographical units, the geographic region, the Great Khingan Mountains, have higher numbers of base differences, higher nucleotide diversity and higher average number of nucleotide differences. (4) No obvious phylogenetic structure among haplotypes was found for samples of different origins. (5) The freezing-method is better than 90% ethanol preserved and oven-dried stored at extracting faecel DNA. The freezing-method is simple in collection and preservation, saving-time and economic. As a result, it may be applied to faecal sample of all ungulate animals living cold area in winter.Based on these results, we suggest some conservation and management of roe deer population must be taken to effect. In the Great Khingan Mountains, the roe deer population of was relatively abundant genetic diversity. Therefore, in term of protecting gene diversity of this population, we propose classifying it as the unit of high priority protection in the future更多还原