【作者】 杨冬梅；

【导师】 苏文强； 王立娟；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 林产化学加工工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以长白落叶松[(Larch)(Larix olgensis)]心材、边材及树皮为原料,用乙醚、氯仿、丙酮、甲醇和水五种溶剂分别加热回流提取,得到15种提取物。采用滤纸片法研究了这15种提取物对四种木材腐朽菌即彩绒革盖菌(Coriolus versicolor)、密粘褶菌(Gloeophyllum trabeum)、球毛壳菌(Chaetomium globosum)、宛氏拟青霉菌(Paecilomyces variot Bainier)的抑菌性能,发现心材的甲醇提取物对彩绒革盖菌和球毛壳菌有较好的抑制效果,树皮的水提取物对彩绒革盖菌、密粘褶菌和球毛壳菌有较好的抑制效果,树皮乙醚提取物对宛氏拟青霉菌有较好的抑制效果。边材的乙醚和氯仿提取物对彩绒革盖菌、球毛壳菌、宛氏拟青霉菌的抑制作用较弱。 用抑菌效果较好的提取物和常用无机木材防腐剂ACC两类防腐剂对青杨试材进行木材防腐试验,采用SEM观察了防腐试材中木材腐朽菌生长状况。结果表明:对彩绒革盖菌,心材的甲醇提取物达到Ⅰ级防腐的最低浓度为2%,ACC的最低浓度也为2%,两者的抑菌能力相当;对球毛壳菌和宛氏拟青霉菌,提取物和ACC的抑菌效果无明显差别。 采用GC-MS分别对心材和树皮的乙醚、氯仿、丙酮和甲醇的提取物进行分析,心材中匹配度90以上的物质共29种,其成分多数为酚类及酚的含氧衍生物、萜类物质以及饱和与不饱和脂肪酸及其酯等。树皮中匹配度90以上的物质共18种,其成分多数为酚类及酚的含氧衍生物、苯的烷基衍生物、萜类物质、长链碳烯等。 通过对淡水鱼的急性毒性实验表明,树皮的水提取物在72h内对斑马鱼的LC50值为18.75mg/L,而无机防腐剂ACC在72h内对斑马鱼的LC50值为2.00mg/L。证明该种提取物的毒性比ACC小。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, heartwood, sapwood and bark of Larch were used as raw material to obtain 15 kinds of extractions by refuxing with Et₂O, CHCl₃, （CH₃）₂O, MeOH and H₂O respectively. Antibacterial activities of 15 kinds of extractions obtained on four wood-inhabiting fungi such as Coriolus versicolor, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Chaetomium globosum and Paecilomyces variot Bainier were investigated by use filter paper method. It was found that MeOH extraction of heartwood has better inhibition effect on Coriolus versicolor and Chaetomium globosum;H₂O extraction of bark has also better inhibition effect on Coriolus versicolor, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Chaetomium globosum, and Et₂O extraction of bark has the similar effect on Paecilomyces variot Bainier, but Et₂Oand CHCl₃ extraction of sapwood has little inhibition effect Coriolus versicolor, Chaetomium globosum and Paecilomyces variot Bainier.Polar wood preservation test was carried on by use extractions with better inhibition effect and typic ACC wood preservative. At the same time, the growths of wood-inhabiting fungi in samples were observed by use SEM. The results showed that minimum consistency of MeOH extraction of heartwood is close to that of ACC when Coriolus versicolor was inhibited to standard I , which indicate the extraction and ACC have no obvious differences in antibacterial activities. Et₂O, CHCl₃, （CH₃）₂O and MeOH extractions of heartwood and bark were analyzed by GC-MS. Analysis results show that there are 29 kinds of substances in heartwood and 18 kinds of substances in bark which match degree is more than 90. And the main components in heartwood conclude phenolic compounds, derivatives of oxygenated phenolic, terpenoids, saturated and un saturated fatty acid and their esters and those in bark are phenolic compounds, derivatives of oxygenated phenolic, alkyl derivatives of benzene, terpenoids and long chain carbon alkene.It was found by freshwater fish acute toxicity experiment that zebrafish LC50 of H₂O extraction of bark with 72h is 18.75mg/L but that of ACC is 2.00mg/L, which show acute toxicity of the extraction is lower than ACC.更多还原