【作者】 华彦；

【导师】 张伟；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 特种经济动物饲养， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 哺乳动物毛被是与外界环境直接接触的媒介,是动物体的一个高度进化和高度适应的复杂系统,它包含了动物机体内部生命活动的信息,也表现出动物体与外界环境的关系的大量综合信息。因此通过毛来认识动物,认识动物与环境的关系,是十分有意义的。 本研究于2005年7—9月和11—12月在小兴安岭通河林区龙口林场分别采集黄鼬东北亚种(Mustela sibirica manchurica Brass)夏季和冬季雌雄成体各8只,通过毛鳞片压模片、髓质花纹片、皮肤组织石蜡切片等的观察,分别对黄鼬雌、雄个体头部、背中部、腹中部、臀部、尾中部等5个部位的针、绒毛分别进行了毛细度、毛密度、髓质指数、无髓段比例、鳞片游离缘数量、各鳞片类型所占比例等6个微观性状指标以及毛颜色、皮张面积、毛长度、皮板厚度等4个宏观性状指标进行了形态学测定与分析。收集了样品采集地近十一年的温度、湿度、降雨(雪)量、目照时数、风速等6个生态因子并进行了分析,运用SPSS10.0统计软件对2005年度气候生态因子数据进行了相关性分析和主成分分析,并与毛被性状指标进行了线性回归分析,得出5点结论:(1)小兴安岭通河林区黄鼬东北亚种在皮板厚度、毛密度、毛长度、无髓段比例等性状上存在显著的冬、夏季节差异。(2)黄鼬性二型特征明显,雌雄个体间在皮张面积、皮板厚度、毛密度、毛长度等性状差异显著。(3)黄鼬各部位间在皮板厚度、毛密度、毛长度、单位长度内鳞片游离缘数量等性状存在显著差异,各部位毛被性状特点与其执行功能是密切相关的。(4)黄鼬直针毛细度与毛密度呈显著性正相关性,通过测量直针毛细度可间接测定毛密度。(5)黄鼬毛被性状的季节性差异与气候生态因子变化呈显著性相关,以湿度、风速、温度为主的生态因子是影响黄鼬毛长度、针毛髓质指数、毛细度、毛无髓段比例等性状的主要影响因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fur of mammal is the intermedium to directly connect with environment .it is an intricate system which is high evolved and adaptable. It not only contains interior information of organism but also represent a mass of synthetic information about the interrelation between animal and exterior environment. Therefore, it is extraordinarily significative to take good advantage of characters of the fur of animal to recognize animal and realize the interrelation between animal and environment.The 32 sampled Siberia weasels(mustela sibirica manchurica Brass)are selected from TongHe forest, Xiaoxinganling area, winter weasels and summer weasels respectively 16. They are selected respectively from July to September and from November to December in 2005. Macroscopically morphological characters such as the color, area , length , density , and thickness of fur and microscopically morphological characters such as hair diameter , medulla diameter , absent medulla proportion of top and bottom of hair, the number of scale of unit length , and proportion of each scale type of hair are measured . The sampled furs and hairs are not only from the same body parts of different individuals, but also from different body parts of the same individual and in different growth season, winter and summer respectively. They are collected from the head, medium back, medium abdomen, hip, medium tail of male and female respectively, and are examined under microscope for their microstructure and systematically compared their difference and stability. Besides, we collect recent 11 years the 6 ecological factors data: temperature, moisture, rainfall, time of sunlight and wind speed in place of sample collected. SPSS statistic software is applied to analyze these collected data. Then, through carrying out correlation analysis and regressive analysis between data of characters of hairs and data of ecological factors of 2005-year, it can be concluded 6 tips from analysis hereinbefore:1. There are distinct differences between winter and summer in macroscopically morphological characters ,such as color, area, length , density , and thickness of fur , and microscopically morphological characters ,such as hair diameter , medulla diameter , absent medulla proportion, the number of scale of unit length, proportion of each scale type of hair .2. There are distinctly gender differences between male and female Siberia weasel, especially characters of fur.3. Straight guard hair is distinctly correlated with the density of fur . So, it is feasible to evaluate indirectly the density of fur by the straight guard hair.4. Proportion of each scale type of fuzz is more stable than that of guard hair, so it can be used to identify species as the credible gists.5. The characters of Siberia weasel’s fur are affected by all ecological factors togetner, Itsmacroscopically and microscopically season changes are distinctly correlated with the seasonchange of ecological factors.6. Temperatures moisture > wind speech are three mainly ecological factors to effecttogether Siberia weasel’s hair diameter -, medulla diameter s absent medulla proportionshair medulla index > the number of scale of unit lengths proportion of each scale type ofhair ect.更多还原