【作者】 段成立；

【导师】 叶志华； 张蕙杰；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 农业经济管理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,我国奶业发展迅速,随着人们对乳制品消费需求日益增加,乳制品质量安全的重要性日益突显。但是,我国目前原奶及乳制品质量问题仍然很多,质量安全事件时有发生,质量安全管理现状急需改善。本文针对我国原奶及乳制品质量安全管理问题展开研究,并提出了相应对策及建议。 1、通过数据对比分析,对我国原奶及乳制品的生产、消费和国际贸易状况进行了简要的阐述及分析,在此基础上,详细分析了我国原奶及乳制品的品质现状,认为原奶质量较差,奶中的微生物,抗生素含量不符合标准,奶的风味较差。 2、论文对我国原奶及乳制品的质量安全现状进行了剖析,并结合几个乳制品质量安全典型案例分析,分别从法律法规体系、标准体系、检验检测体系、产品认证制度以及技术支撑体系几个方面找出了我国原奶及乳制品的质量安全管理体系中存在的问题:当前我国奶业发展迅速,但奶牛养殖户经营管理水平较低,难以保证原奶的质量安全,原奶市场不规范,加之政府监管不力,使得我国原奶的质量安全水平较低;奶业标准结构不合理,法律法规及标准体系仍不健全,现行标准重乳制品,轻生产过程,相当一部分标准陈旧,不能适应现阶段需要;省级检测机构还是比较少,检测设备及检验手段相对仍比较落后,产品安全认证制度尚未完全推行,技术支撑体系仍需较大投入。 3、一些发达国家的乳制品质量安全保障体系比较健全完善,本文分析了美国、荷兰、加拿大、日本四国关于乳制品质量安全管理现状,比较分析了中外关于乳制品质量安全管理的异同及主要差距,另外还分析了几个主要国际组织关于原奶及乳制品的标准概况,为我国乳制品质量安全管理及奶业标准建设工作提供了很好的借鉴:我国与国外在注重完善法律制度、加强乳制品质量安全管理监控网的建设、强化检验检疫、制定严格的乳制品质量卫生标准、加强监督检查等几个方面有共同点,同时提出我国在乳制品质量安全管理体制、质量安全管理的控制方式、实施乳制品质量安全控制的标准、中外科技运用推广水平和资金投入力度、危险性评估控制技术未广泛应用等方面与国外的差距。 4、结合通篇分析,为加强我国原奶及乳制品质量安全管理,本文依据管理学原理,分别从政府、企业、行业协会以及消费者四个方面提出相应的对策建议,这些措施主要包括:加强政府管理行为,进一步完善我国原奶及乳制品质量安全管理保障体系;规范奶农和加工企业行为,提高生产技术能力,保证安全生产,提高我国原奶及乳制品质量;加强奶业行业协会的作用,确保原奶及乳制品质量安全;加强对消费者的宣传教育,引导消费者健康消费乳制品。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, the dairy industry in our country develops rapidly. With the consumption of dairy products increasing constantly, the quality and safety of dairy products are becoming more and more important. But in China, the quality and safety incidents of dairy products take place occasionally at present. Situation is not optimist. The quality and safety management still needs to be improved. With critical review, the production and management of the raw milk and dairy products between China and several foreign countries were analysised and compared. This thesis presents the results of investigation about the quality and safety management of dairy products in China, and suggests that control measures for quality and safety of the raw milk and dairy products should be enhanced.The production, consumption and international trade status of the raw milk and dairy products in China were analyzed. Based on the analysis, the unsafe factor and the quality status of the raw milk and dairy products in China were analyzed in detail. And some typical safety cases about dairy products were reviewed. Through these analyses, the problems existing in the quality and safety management system of raw milk and dairy products in China had been found out.The status of quality and safety management in USA, Holland, Canada and Japan were described, and the disparities between China and these countries were found out. Some successful experience and method had been summarized. All these may be useful for guiding the quality and safety management work of dairy products in China. In addition, the general situation of standards related to the raw milk and dairy products of several international organizations was reviewed, which may offer a good reference for setting up dairy industry standards in China.Finally, to strengthen the quality and safety management of raw milk and dairy products in China, the countermeasures from four aspects had been proposed. These measures are as the following: to strengthen government’s administration behaviour and perfect the quality and safety managemen system of the raw milk and dairy products in China;to standardize enterprises’ production behavior and improve the technological ability to produce;to strengthen the function of the dairy industry association and guarantee the quality of the raw milk and dairy products;to educate the consumers and teach them how to consume dairy products healthily.更多还原