【作者】 王霆；

【导师】 宋冶；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 林产化学加工工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在全面综述了当今主要重金属捕集技术基础之上,就其发展趋势,从环境友好性出发,提出以天然玉米淀粉衍生物作为新型重金属捕集剂,创新性地采用配位-超滤水处理技术,将可溶性捕集剂的高比表面、高效率优点与捕集后水样的分离这一矛盾问题有机地融合,并加以解决。本文还研究了捕集剂捕集多种重金属的条件和性能,采用MPT-AES、AAS、FTIR、Zeta电位微电泳仪等现代分析测试手段,对水样捕集前后的金属含量、理化特征进行相关测定。与此同时,就新型捕集剂的捕集机理也进行了初步的探索。结果表明: 1、合成高取代度羧甲基淀粉的适宜反应条件为:碱化温度35℃,醚化温度40℃,醚化时间3小时,乙醇浓度80%,碱化时间70min,碱化阶段加碱量50%,淀粉与氯乙酸的摩尔比为0.8,氢氧化钠与淀粉的摩尔比为2.4,淀粉浓度为4mL/g;合成高取代度交联羧甲基淀粉的适宜反应条件为:交联温度35℃,醚化温度40℃,醚化时间3小时,乙醇浓度80%,碱化时间70min,碱化阶段加碱量50%,淀粉与氯乙酸的摩尔比为0.8,氢氧化钠与淀粉的摩尔比为2.4,淀粉浓度为4mL/g,交联剂用量为淀粉质量的0.04%。 2、CMS处理铅浓度为10.00 mg/L的模拟水样的最适宜实验条件:pH=7.00,捕集剂投入量为30.00 mg/L,DS=0.59,捕集时间为50min,去除率可达100%;CCMS处理镍浓度为20.00 mg/L的模拟水样的最适宜实验条件:pH=7.00,捕集剂投入量为372.00 mg/L,DS=0.60,捕集时间为40min,去除率可达96.4%。 3、pH=7.00的条件下,应用CCMS配位-超滤水处理技术,以满足国家达标排放标准为目标,测定铜、锌、铅、镉的最佳捕剂用量如下:铜溶液浓度20.00 mg/L,DS=0.60,捕集时间为40min,捕集剂投入量为90.00 mg/L锌溶液浓度20.00 mg/L,DS=0.60,捕集时间为40min,捕集剂投入量为154.00 mg/L铅溶液浓度20.00 mg/L,DS=0.60,捕集时间为40min,捕集剂投入量为70.00 mg/L镉溶液浓度20.00 mg/L,DS=0.60,捕集时间为40min,捕集剂投入量为546.00 mg/L 4、对铜、锌、镍、铅、镉都没有水解的条件下,应用CCMS配合—超滤水处理技术,测定等摩尔浓度铜、锌、镍、铅、镉捕集顺序为Pb>Cu>Cd>Zn>Ni。 5、酸和螯合剂对捕集金属后的CCMS有脱附作用,而且不同种类的螫合剂、酸对金属的脱附顺序也不同。实验结果表明,EDTA螫合剂对金属脱附顺序为Cd>Pb>Ni>Zn≈Cu。 6、确定两种重金属捕集剂的捕集机理为:①多羟基配位、螯合作用;②吸附架桥作用;③离子交换作用;④卷扫网捕作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The technique of removing heavy metals nowadays had been summarized systematically in this paper. From the trends and the acceptability of the environment, a new kind of heavy metals capturing agent had been synthesized by cornstarch in detail. Otherwise, the research had been used chelating-ultrafiltration water treatment technique innovatively. Then the contradiction between the advantage of high efficiency of the soluble agent and the separation of the water after treatment had been solved perfectly. Also, the treatment conditions and the performances of removing seversal metals had been studied. There was a lot of contemporary instrument analysis methods had been used in the study, including MPT-AES, AAS, FTIR, Zeta micro-electropHoresis meter etc.. Then, the concentration of the heavy metals and pHysical or chemical properties, which the water had been treated before and after, had been crorrectly measured. Meanwhile, the mechanism of removing heavy metals also had been studied.1. The optimum reaction conditions of the synthesis of carboxymethyl starch were: basification temperature was 35°C, etherification temperature was 40°C, etherification time was 3 hours, ethanol concentration was 80%, basification time was 70min, the inputing dosage of sodium hydroxide during basification process was 50%, the ratio between starch and chloroaetic acid was 0.8, the ratio between sodium hydroxide and starch was 2.4, the concentration of starch was 4 mL/g. The optimum reaction conditions of the synthesis of crosslinked carboxymethyl starch were: cross-linked temperature was 35°C, etherification temperature was 40°C, etherification time was 3 hours, ethanol concentration was 80%, basification time was 70min, the inputing dosage of sodium hydroxide during basification process was 50%, the ratio between starch and chloroaetic acid was 0.8,the ratio between, sodium hydroxide and starch was 2.4, the concentration of starch was 4mL/g, the inputing of cross-linked agent was 0.04% to the mass of starch.2. The optimum conditions of the treatment of 10.00 mg/L lead imulation water sample by carbonmethyl starch were: pH=7.00, the inputing of capturing agent was 30.00 mg/L, the degree of substitution was 0.59, reaction time was 50min, the efficiency of removing of lead was 100%. The optimum conditions of the treatment of 10.00 mg/L nickle simulated water sample by cross-linked carboxymethyl starch were: pH=7.00, the inputing of capturing agent was 372.00 mg/L, the degree of substitution was 0.60, reaction time was 40min, the efficiency of removing of nickle was 96.4%.3. Under the condition of pH=7.00, it had been made use of chelating-ultrafiltration water treatment technique with cross-linked carboxymethyl starch in order to let the ions of copper, zinc, lead, cadmium water sample under the national criterion. The optimum dosages of usingcapuring agent were:i . The copper concentration was 20.00 mg/L, the degree of substitution was 0.60, reaction time was 40min, and the inputing of capturing agent was 90.00 mg/L.ii. The zinc concentration was 20.00 mg/L, the degree of substitution was 0.60, reaction time was 40min, and the inputing of capturing agent was 154.00 mg/L.iii. The lead concentration was 20.00 mg/L, the degree of substitution was 0.60;.reaction time was 40min, and the inputing of capturing agent was 70.00 mg/L.iv. The cadmium concentration was 20.00 mg/L, the degree of substitution was 0.60, reaction time was 40min, and the inputing of capturing agent was 546.00 mg/L.4. Under equal molar of copper, zinc, nickel, lead and cadmium, using chelating-ultrafilatration water treatment technique with cross-linked carbonmethyl starch to measure the order of capturing metals were Pb>Cu>Cd>Zn>Ni.5. There were competition between this new capturing agent and other materials in adsorbing heavy metals, such as acid and other chelating agent. Different kind of acid and chelating agent could give different desorption order. The desorption order which was used EDTA had been measured.That was Cd>Pb> Ni> Zn *?Cu.6. The mechanism of this new capturing agent was studied as follow: i . Chelating effect. ii .High polymer bridge effect, iii’ Ions’exchange effect, iv. Web winding effect更多还原