【作者】 王广利；

【导师】 迟德富； 孙凡；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 森林保护学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita Fald是东北地区地下害虫优势种群。鉴于化学防治的种种弊端,本论文从昆虫与植物的关系以及昆虫对化学信息物质接收的角度考虑,利用触角电位(electroantennography,EAG)和风洞技术研究华北大黑鳃金龟对绿叶气味的电生理和行为反应,运用电镜扫描(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)和透射(transmission electron microscopy,TEM)揭示金龟子嗅感器的超微构造。取得主要成果如下: (1)华北大黑鳃金龟雌雄成虫均对绿叶挥发物(反-2-己烯醛和5-甲基-1-己醇)产生明显的EAG反应,在测试剂量1mg以下,雌雄金龟子对反-2-己烯醛和5-甲基-1-己醇的EAG反应值都随着测试剂量的增加而逐渐增强,在高剂量1mg时触角对二者反应均达到饱和状态。在测试剂量0.01μg～100μg之间,雌雄金龟子对5-甲基-1-己醇的EAG反应值均高于对反-2-己烯醛的EAG反应值。 (2)雌雄金龟子在光期和暗期中对两种绿叶挥发物的EAG反应值无明显差异,说明华北大黑鳃金龟的EAG反应不受光周期的影响。 (3)雌性金龟子对两种绿叶气息的EAG反应值都明显高于雄性,说明雌性成虫对绿叶挥发物敏感度高于雄性。 (4)风洞生测表明,反-2-己烯醛对成虫具有定向作用,而5-甲基-1-己醇不能引起华北大黑鳃金龟显著的行为反应。 (5)华北大黑鳃金龟触角上的感觉器集中于鳃片上。鳃片上的感器都分布在触角表皮内陷形成的凹腔里,其中以锥形感器、板形感器为主,除此以外还有少量的坛形感器和乳头状感器以及耳形感器和钟形感器。由此推断锥形感器和板形感器为嗅觉感受器,其中锥形感器根据锥体形状的不同又可其分为6种类型,板形感器分为5种类型。 (6)雌雄触角在大小和感器数目上存在明显的性二型现象。雌性触角的每一个鳃片的长度都短于雄性。雄性触角鳃片上的感器总数也明显的多于雌性的感器总数,其中雌雄鳃片上板形感器的数目差异不大,但雄性锥形感器的数目却远远多于雌性,几乎是雌性的9倍。由此推测锥形感器是感受性信息素的感受器,而板形感器用于感受植物气味。 (7)透射揭示了嗅感器的内部构造:每个锥形感器都由锥体、辅助细胞、嗅觉神经元及与其相连的树突组成。锥形感器壁上有许多微孔,微孔下面的神经树突与1至4个嗅觉神经细胞相连。辅助细胞为1或3个。更多还原

【Abstract】 The scarab beetle Holotrichia oblita Fald possess predominance in the underground pests in northeast area of china. Considering various shortages of chemical control, this paper studied the electrical physiology and behavioral actions of the scarabs to greenery odors from the relation of insect and plants and from the point of view of reception of insect to semiochemicals by using electroantennography (EAG) and wind tunnel. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the ulstructure of olfactory sensilla. Main results are as follows:(1) The obvious EAG responses to greenery volatiles (E-2-hexenal and 5-Methyl-1-hexanol) were observed in both sexes of H , oblita adults. When the tested dosage was below 1 mg, the EAG reactions to E-2-hexenal and 5-Methyl-1-hexanol was intensified gradually with the increasing of dosage in both sexes of the beetles, and the EAG reactions to the two volatiles presented saturated state at the maximal dosage of 1 mg. The EAG value of 5-Methyl-l-hexanol was always higher than that to E-2-hexenal from 10 ng to 100 μg in both sexes.(2) No evident differences were observed in the EAG responses to tested odors between light and night in both sexes of H, oblita. Therefore, the EAG experiments were not affected by light in H, oblita.(3) The EAG activity to greenery odors in females was always higher than in males, which showed that female H. oblita adults have higher sensitivity to greenery volatiles than males.(4) By wind tunnel tests, it was found that E-2-hexenal had orientating action toward H. oblita adults, however 5-Methyl-1-hexanol had no obvious functions.(5) Sensilla were located densely on the antennal lamellae in H. oblita. These sensilla were situated on the sunken cavity formed by the antennal cuticle depressions. Sensilla basiconica (s.ba) and sensilla placoidea (s.pl) are the most mommon type of sensilla on the lamellae, besides there were a few sensilla ampucellaceous (s.am), sensilla papilla (s.pa), sensilla auricillica (s.au) and sensilla campaniformi (s.ca). So s.ba and s.pl were concluded to be olfactory sensilla. S.ba have six types according to the shape of their cones, s.pl had five types.(6) A clear sexual dimorphism occurred to both sexes of H. oblita at the size of antennae and sensilla amount. The length of each lamella and the total number of sensilla in female antennae were remarkably shorter than in males. The total number of s.pl had no obvious differences between the both sexes, but s.ba in males were far more than in females, the total number of s.ba was nearly nine times of s.pl. Therefore, s.ba were suggested to be sexpheromone receptor and s.pl were used for reception of plant odors.(7) TEM showed the internal structure of olfactory sensilla: Each s.ba consists of cone, auxiliary cell, olfactory neurons and dendritic branches which were connected to olfactory neurons. On the wall of s.ba there are many micropores, the dendritic branches beneath micropores were connected with one to four olfactory neurons. The number of auxiliary cells is one or three.更多还原