【作者】 郑红；

【导师】 崔晓阳；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 土壤学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 森林土壤类型极其复杂,不同土壤中各种有效养分形态和数量差异很大。目前国内土壤碱解氮、速效磷、有机质的测定方法比较研究,大多局限于农业土壤,而对于酸性森林土壤的研究尚少,对经典传统方法在不同土壤上的应用差异研究不足。本文针对北方森林暗棕壤碱解氮、速效磷、有机质的测定方法进行综合比较研究。土壤碱解氮测定方法的研究:比较了加与不加还原剂的碱解—扩散法;土壤速效磷测定方法的研究:选择了0.05mol/L盐酸-0.025mol/L硫酸浸提法、0.03mol/L氟化铵-0.025mol/L盐酸浸提法和0.5mol/L碳酸氢钠浸提法以及用改进后的用张守敬和Jackson提出的无机磷分级方法Ⅰ与顺益初和蒋柏藩提出的石灰性土壤无机磷分级方法Ⅱ进行比较,土壤有机质测定方法的比较:选择重铬酸钾容量法、微波法、水合热法、消解法和灼烧法进行比较,结果显示: 1.土壤碱解氮的测定中,加与不加还原剂测定土壤碱解氮的方法都适用于北方森林暗棕壤,但不加还原剂远比加还原剂的方法精确度、准确度高;加与不加还原剂碱解氮量与不同扩散时间呈正相关,加还原剂的相关系数没有不加还原剂的好;因此,测定北方森林暗棕壤建议采用不加还原剂的碱解—扩散法。 2.土壤速效磷的测定中,0.05mol/L盐酸-0.025mol/L硫酸浸提法、0.5mol/L碳酸氢钠浸提法都适宜北方森林暗棕壤;关于0.5mol/L碳酸氢钠浸提法脱色方面,高锰酸钾脱色法无论从精确度、准确度上都好于活性炭脱色法,高锰酸钾脱色法比活性炭脱色法更适用于北方森林暗棕壤;在无机磷分级方法Ⅰ、Ⅱ中,无机磷分级方法Ⅱ的本底脱色法,从精确度、准确度上好于其它方法;无机磷分级方法Ⅱ本底脱色法与方法Ⅰ的活性炭脱色法Al-P、Ca₂-P、Ca₁₀-P、Ca-P均达到相关显著:通过各种形态无机磷与碳酸氢钠法①、②相关分析中,碳酸氢钠法①、②与无机磷方法Ⅱ的本底脱色法Ca₂—P、Al-P、Fe-P、Ca₈—P相关显著。无机磷分级方法Ⅰ的活性炭脱色法和方法Ⅱ本底脱色法都适用于北方森林暗棕壤。 3.土壤有机质含量各方法的比较研究结果表明:通过相关性分析,土壤有机质各测定方法间均达到相关极显著。说明五种方法都适用于北方森林暗棕壤。而灼烧法、微波法从精确度、准确度上都好于土壤有机质含量测定的其它方法;土壤有机质含量各测定方法与全氮、全磷含量的偏相关分析表明:北方森林暗棕壤中有机质含量各测定方法与全氮含量的相关关系比土壤有机质含量各测定方法与全磷含量的相关关系更为密切;通更多还原

【Abstract】 The forest soil’s type was extremely complex, the shape and quantity of available nutrient had a distinct difference in different soil.Recently in China, The comparable studied of the method for determination on soil available N、 P and the soil organic substance limited at agrology, in contrary, the study about acidic forest soil was rare and so was in the diversity of the different kinds of soil by classical methods. The comparison of the methods for determination about soil available N、 P and the soil organic substance in the dark brown forest soil were studied synthetically in the thesis. The method for determination of soil available N was studied:: compare alkali-hydrolyzable diffusion method by used reductant or not, and so the study of the method for determination of soil available P: compare 0.05mol/LHCl 0.025mol/LH₂SO₄, 0.03mol/L NH₄F - 0.025 mol/L HCl and 0.5mol/LNaHCO₃ extraction method, fractionation of inorganic soil P method put forward by Zhang shoujing and Jackson, fractionation of inorganic soil P used in the calcareous soil put forward by Gu yichu and Jiang bofan. The study of the method for determination of soil organic matter was done: compare potassium dichromate method, microwave method, hydration heat method, digestion and burning digestion method. The results showed that:In the method for determination of soil available N: the methods used reductant or not both were suitable for the dark brown forest soil, but the methods no reductant were more accurate than that used. There was significant correlation between soil available N determined no reductant and diffused time. The correlation coefficient between soil available N no reductant and diffused time were better than that between soil available N with reductant and diffused time. So it suggested that the determined methods no reductant should be popular with the dark brown forest soil.In the method for determination of soil available P: 0.05mol/LHCl-0.025mol/L H₂SO₄ and 0.5mol/LNaHCO₃ extraction methods were both suitable for the dark brown forest soil, as to 0.5mol/LNaHCO₃ decolorization, KMnO₄ decolored method were more accurate than activated carbon decolored method and KMnO₄ decolored method was more suitable than activated carbon decolored method in the dark brown forest soil. In the fractionation of inorganic soil P method Ⅰ and Ⅱ , background decolored method of fractionation of inorganic soil P method Ⅱ were more accurate than other methods, there were significant correlation between the contents of Al-P、 Ca₂-P、 Ca₁₀-P、 Ca-P respectively determined by background decolored method of inorganic soil P method II and activated carbon decolored method of inorganic soil P method Ⅰ .By analyzing the correlation by the fractionation of inorganic soil P mothed Ⅰ 、 Ⅱ and 0.5mol/L NaHCO₃ extraction methods, there were significant correlation between thecontents of Ca2-^ Al-P> Fe-P, Cag-P respetively determined by background decolored method of the fractionation of inorganic soil P mothed II and that 0.5mol/LNaHCO3 extraction methods. Activated carbon decolored method of fractionation of inorganic soil P method I and background decolored method of fractionation of inorganic soil P method II were adaptable for the dark brown forest soil.By comparing and analyzing the correlation all determined methods of soil organic matter, there were significant correlation among all determined methods, the results showed that five methods were all suitable for the dark brown forest soil, but burning digestion method and microwave method were more accurate than other methods. The partial correlation analysis between all determined methods of soil organic matter and the content of total N> P showed that correlation between methods of soil organic matter and the content of total N were more closed than correlation between methods of soil organic matter and the content of total P. By analyzing partial regression coefficient, correlation between potassium dichromate method and burning digestion method were more closed than that between potassium dichromate method and microwave method. Burning digestion method was ch^ap and no pollutant, so when determining soil organic matter, the preferred method was burning digestion .更多还原