【作者】 周英平；

【导师】 周志强； 赵敏；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 生态学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 为建立符合GAP要求的黑水缬草(Valeriana amurensis)栽培技术,为开发利用东北地区的黑水缬草提供理论基础及栽培技术支持,本研究选取了黑水缬草分布较为集中的内蒙古乌玛自然保护区、小兴安岭凉水自然保护区以及张广才岭五常市向阳林场为研究、取样地点,研究了不同群丛类型对黑水缬草种群特性的影响,对黑水缬草的种子休眠和萌发生理生态学进行了研究,在此基础上,进行了小面积的人工栽培实验,对不同来源的黑水缬草根部挥发油的化学成分进行了分析比较。 野外调查是在研究区域内,对黑水缬草集中分布的9个群丛进行了调查:采用典型抽样法选取了有代表性的27个样地,然后设置样方,调查样方中各个群丛的优势种、标志种和黑水缬草的相关性状,计算黑水缬草的重要值。重要值作为一种综合性指标,在衡量黑水缬草在群丛中相对重要性的同时,也指出了黑水缬草分布的最适生境。结果显示:拟垂枝藓、臭冷杉林和小叶章、臌囊苔草沼泽中黑水缬草的重要值较大,分别为49.9%和49.1%,即黑水缬草生长的最佳生境为拟垂枝藓、臭冷杉林和小叶章、臌囊苔草沼泽生境。对黑水缬草种子休眠生理进行研究的结果显示:以沙质壤土为基质,配合(10-25-10)℃的变温条件,黑水缬草的发芽率达到最大,为82.1%;黑水缬草种子浸泡液、粗提液以及乙醚浸提液均对黑水缬草的发芽率有抑制作用。对黑水缬草进行小面积的人工栽培结果显示:五常地区黑水缬草最佳播种时间为5月15日左右,最佳留床密度为83株/m~2,黑水缬草最佳种苗培育方式为B方式(即先在实验室条件下待黑水缬草种子长出2片真叶,并形成完整的根系后再移栽到营养钵中)。用水蒸气蒸馏法提取黑水缬草根部挥发油,并用GC-MS联用仪(气相色谱-质谱联用仪)对其化学成分进行了分析鉴定,结果表明:不同生境、不同产地、不同年份、不同生长方式的黑水缬草根部挥发油的主要化学成分大致相同,人工栽培的黑水缬草有效成分的含量高于野生黑水缬草有效成分的含量,并从中分离出一种在相关文献中未见报道的化学成分—β-人参烯。更多还原

【Abstract】 Valeriana amurensis Smirn. ex Kom. is an herb species. The volatility of the species is effectual for insomnia and neurasthenic. The study focused on the natural populations of Valeriana amurensis, which distributed in Wuma Nature Reserve (Inner Mongolian), Liangshui National Nature Reserve (Less Xing’an Mountains) and Xiangyang Forest Farm (Wuchang County). The population properties in different communities, the physiological ecological characters of seed dormancy and germination, the cultivation technique, and the chemical composition in root of Valeriana amurensis were researched. The results of the research could provide theory and technique supports in cultivation and GAP standard.27 field plots of 9 communities were sampled in study area. The result of correlative analysis showed, the importance values of Valeriana amurensis reached 49.9% and 49.1% in Ass. Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Abies nephrolepis and Ass. Calamagrostis angustifolia, Carex schmidti. The mentioned associations provided the most suitable habitat for Valeriana amurensis.The research results of the seed dormancy showed, the seeds of Valeriana amurensis reached highest germination rate (82%) at the temperature treatment in alteration of 10℃ and 25℃, and soil was fertile sandy. The seed soaking liquid, water extrac, ethanol extrac had negative influences for the seed germination.The cultivation results showed, the best sowing date of Valeriana amurensis was on 15th May in Wuchang County, the most suitable environmental temperature should be 20℃- 27℃, and the optimal seedling density was 83 /m~2. The transplant of seedling should be processed after the upgrowth of leaves and root.By using the GC-MS, the chemical composition in root of Valeriana amurensis was analyzed. The avilid components in root of different provenance were similar, and the contents of effective composition in roots were depended on the provenance. Meanwhile, P-Panasinsene was founded in root of Valeriana amurensis for the first time.更多还原