【作者】 李梅；

【导师】 刘娅； 计融；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 营养与食品卫生学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究的主要目的是检测我国6省小麦和玉米样品中T-2毒素的含量,根据食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)和欧盟的评估模式,结合当地居民的谷物及其制品的消费量,评估我国6省居民T-2毒素的膳食暴露状况。我们采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法(GB/T 5009.118-2003)测定了河南、吉林、湖北、四川、广东、广西等6省的190份小麦样品和286份玉米样品,其中小麦阳性样品45份,玉米阳性样品68份。小麦T-2毒素的平均污染水平为1.56μg·kg-1,玉米平均污染水平为1.38μg·kg-1, 6省居民的T-2毒素平均膳食摄入量为3.83ng/kg·bw。评估结果表明,我国6省居民从小麦和玉米中摄入的T-2毒素量很低,平均膳食摄入量未超过JECFA提出的60ng/kg·bw的PMTDI值。我国目前还没有制定粮食中T-2毒素限量标准,这不利于保护我国居民的健康和维护对外经济、贸易利益。本研究可为我国今后评估居民的T-2毒素膳食暴露状况及提出我国粮食中T-2毒素的限量标准提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 T-2 toxin is mycotoxin of the group trichothecenes type-A produced by fungi of the Fusarium genus, i.e. Fusarium sporotrichioides, F. tricinctum, F.poae, and F. acuminatum, which is one of the most toxic in type-A trichothecene mycotoxin. The main toxicity effects of T-2 toxin on animals are about Haematology and immunology. T-2 toxin could inhibit synthesis of DNA and RNA and cause apoptosis of cells. In male mice, T-2 toxin could cause hepatocellular and pulmonary adenomas. No data were available on the carcinogenicity to humans. If people eating grains contaminated by high-dose T-2 toxin mistakely, the main pathological changes were pronounced leucopenia, necrotic lesions of the oral cavity, oesophagus, and stomach, bonemarrow hypoplasia and aplasia besides vomiting, abodominal pain and diarrhoea. Alimentary toxic aleukia(ATA) was lethal in a high proportion of cases. T-2 toxin is commonly found in various cereal crops such as wheat, maize, oats, barley and beans. The grains that wheat, maize and oat can be contaminated by T-2 toxin most easily. The Fusarium fungi are commonly found on cereals grown in the temperate regions of America, Europe and Asia. Surveys have revealed the presence of T-2 toxin in wheat and maize in regions that KBD and wheat and rice in no KBD in CHINA.The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and EU member states and many countries have summarized the nature of the toxicological of T-2 toxin thoroughly, and studied contamination n deeply. JECFA and Nordic Working Group provided the maximum tolerate level(tolerable daily intake, TDI ).更多还原