【作者】 吕锦玲；

【导师】 陈建中；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 絮凝沉降法是废水处理中应用最为广泛的一种方法。絮凝剂的性质直接影响絮凝效果。为寻求一种“绿色”环保絮凝剂,本文在分析和总结已有的有机高分子絮凝剂的制备和絮凝性能研究的基础上,选用来源丰富、价格便宜的农作物芋头、山药为原材料提取植物胶,然后对植物胶进行阳离子改性,制得一种天然高分子植物胶絮凝剂,并且经过大量正交实验研究,确定了较优化的反应条件和参数,对该絮凝剂的絮凝性能做了初步的研究,并对其絮凝机理在理论上进行了初步的推理和解释。 本文以芋头、山药为原料,采用有机溶剂沉淀法进行植物胶的分离提取,得到芋头植物胶的最佳提取条件为:水浴温度80℃,水浴时间2h,沉淀液用量（体积比）为1:1.2;此时芋头植物胶的提取率为4.34%;各因素对芋头植物胶提取率影响的大小排序为:水浴温度>水浴时间>沉淀液的用量;山药植物胶的最佳提取条件为:水浴温度40℃,水浴时间2.5h,沉淀液用量（体积比）为1:4;此时山药植物胶的提取率为7.60%,各因素对山药植物胶提取率影响的大小排序为:水浴温度>沉淀液的用量>水浴时间。 本文以植物胶为母体,采用H₂O₂-FeSO4作引发剂,用三乙胺与环氧氯丙烷共聚产物为阳离子单体（M）进行改性,制得天然高分子植物胶絮凝剂。植物胶（VG）用量2.0g:醚化单体8ml,NaOH用量1.2g;水用量8ml;碱化温度42℃,碱化时间为30min;引发剂用量为总质量0.01%,活化时间60s:醚化温度为75℃,醚化时间3.5h。 天然高分子植物胶絮凝剂用于处理高岭土悬浊液的实验结果表明:与GD112-4,CPAM,普立清855等絮凝剂相比,天然高分子植物胶絮凝剂具有最佳用量范围较广,pH值适用范围宽的优点;在对生活污水的处理也表现出同样的特点,10mg/L植物胶絮凝剂与40mg/LPAC配合使用时,对生活污水的最佳CODcr去除率可达到58.7%,效果优于对比样普立清855。 天然高分子植物胶絮凝剂对污泥沉降速度影响的实验结果表明:植物胶絮凝剂的用量为2mg/L时,污泥高度最小值可达65mL,平均沉降速度达0.35mL/min,是2mg/L的CPAM沉降速度的1.17倍,10mg/L的CPAM沉降速度的1.46倍;植物胶絮凝剂的用量为10mg/L时,污泥高度最小值可达62mL平均沉降速度达0.38mL/min,是2mg/L的CPAM沉降速度的1.27倍,10mg/L的CPAM沉降速更多还原

【Abstract】 Flocculation is the most widely adopted method in wastewater treatment. Flocculation efect concerns with the flocculant property directly. Based on the analysis and generalization of the existent organic macromolecular flocculants preparation and flocculation property researches, a new natural organic product named natural polymer vegetable gum flocculant, which belongs to a kind of green （or called environment-protecting） flocculants, was prepared by vegetable gum which was extracted from an easily-got and low-priced farm crop called taro and yam. Its preparation was to modify the raw material with cationic reagent. Preparation experiment conditions and parameters were optimized through a lot of orthogonal experimental studies, with a research for the function of flocculant being the first step and the analysis of the flocculant mechanism of flocculant.In my research, took taro and yam as raw material, extracted vegetable gum from the ram material by organism melting agent precipitates. The optimal extract conditions from taro were determined: water～bath temperature 80℃, water～bath time 2h, precipitant dosage （ physical volume ratio） as 1:1.2;at this time the extraction rate of vegetable gum was 4.34%;the influence turn of each factor was: Water-bath temperature > water^bath time> precipitant dosage. The optimal extract conditions from yam were determined: water-bath temperature 40℃, water-bath time 2.5h, precipitant dosage （ physical volume ratio） as 1:4;at this time the extraction rate of vegetable gum was 7.60%;the influence turn of each factor was: Water-bath temperature > precipitant dosage > water-bath time.In its preparation vegetable gum was used as the matrix, H₂O₂-FeSO₄ was utilized as the initiator and the copolymer product of triethylamine and epichlorohydrin wasused as the cationic reagent-----M. 2.0 g vegetable gum was mixed with 8 ml M. Theoptimized reactions included two steps: Firstly, vegetable gum was alkalifred at 42℃ for 30min under the condition of H₂O 8 ml, NaOH 1.2g and NaCl （as depressor） 0.1%（in total mass）. Then it was etherified at 75℃ for 3.5h using H₂O₂-FeSO₄ 0.01% （in total mass） as initiator.Natural polymer vegetable gum flocculant was applied in the flocculation process of several kinds of water, and the experimental results indicate /naturalpolymer vegetable gum flocculant has a wide optimal dosage and pH value in the flocculation process of kaolinite suspension and wastewater. The optimal removal efficiency of CODcr for the wastingwater following 10mg/L natural polymer vegetable gum +40mg/L PAC was 58.7%, which is superior to that of Praestol 855.Natural polymer vegetable gum flocculant was applied in the sludge sedimentation, and the experimental results indicate: when the dosage of vegetable gum flocculant was 2mg/L, the minimun sludge hingh could reach 65ml, and the average sedimentation rate of sludge was 0.35ml/s> which was 1.17 times of 2mg/L GPAM, and 1.46times of 10mg/L CPAM;when the dosage of vegetable gum flocculant was 10mg/L, the minimun sludge hingh could reach 62ml, and the average sedimentation rate of sludge was 0.38mL/s, which was 1.27 times of 2mg/L GPAM, and 1.58 times of 10mg/L CPAM;those all indicate that vegetable gum flocculant was good for accelerating the sedimentation rate of sludge speed, and was superior to CPAM.In the case of decreasing moister content of sludge, vegetable gum flocculant is also superior CPAM. In the Natural filtrated process, with the dosage of vegetable gum flocculant in 2¹0mg/L, filtrated volume increasing with the dosage increase, the maxmiun reach 15.6mL, which is 1.53 times of blank;in the press decreasing process, when the dosage was 4mg/L, vegetable gum floccultant’s flocculat was sperior to CPAM, and the filtrated volume could reach 34.3ml in 4mins.更多还原