应用液可清（ACF32）治理西坝河水试验研究

【作者】 王丽风；

【导师】 胡开林；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 水资源紧张是一个世界性的问题,而我国水资源数量有限,人均占有量只及世界水资源人均占有量的1/4,被列为世界上12个贫水国之一。随着城市的工业化,工农业生产的发展和人口的增长,大量未经处理的生活污水排入江河湖泊,致使氮磷富集,导致水体富营养化,藻类滋生,水色浓绿;同时部分工业废水未经处理就直接排入江河湖泊,也导致江河水水质恶化、污染,水体有腥臭异味。 西坝河是昆明市区22条汇入滇池的河流之一,长期接纳未经处理的城市污水,水质受到严重的有机污染。水质监测结果表明,西坝河的BOD₅、COD、TN、TP、透明度等主要水质指标均严重超标。为治理西坝河水污染,同时也为防止滇池富营养化现象加剧,对西坝河进行治理势在必行。 试验采用向西坝河内投加液可清（ACF32）微生物的方式进行,液可清（ACF32）是美国生物实验室研制的一种液态微生物菌剂,由32种活性菌构成,专用于处理工业、农业和生活中的有机污染废水,对减少水体的臭味,降低水中的COD、BOD₅、油脂浓度有很好的效果。为了使投加的微生物能尽可能多的停留在河里,在试验河段中部设置了管式生物载体。试验期间每周监测一次河水的水质、水文指标,监测的主要指标为BOD₅、COD、TN、TP、SS、pH、浊度、微生物、流速、流量、水温等。试验结果表明,液可清在适于微生物生存的pH值范围内（pH=6～9）,对水体的pH值没有影响,试验3周以后河岸边的腥臭异味有所减轻,而6周以后,腥臭异味基本消除。试验期间,河水的BOD₅、COD、TN、TP、浊度分别下降了5.4%～57.8%、10.9%～48.5%、4%～42.5%、6%～46%、10%～60%,通过对微生物的检测发现,河内蓝藻、绿藻的数量减少了,其他藻类的数量逐渐增多,而后期出现轮虫、剑水蚤等后生动物。到试验后期水体的感观性状明显好转。 为更好地了解液可清（ACF32）对污染水体的作用规律,建立了液可清（ACF32）微生物降解BOD₅的动力学模型S=S₀-X_Y（1-K_d-1/θ）t。简单阐述了液可清微生物的好氧、厌氧、脱氮、除磷及去除臭味的机理。对试验过程中存在及发现的问题进行分析,指出较低的气温,没有对微生物进行固定化,底物浓度不高,河流环境复杂,河水流量大,投菌量不足,微型动物的捕食,菌体的流失等,可能是导致污染物去除效率不高的原因。建议今后进行此类投加微生物处理河流污染的试验在温度较高的季节进行,注意防止菌种的流失和保持菌种在系统中的数量和活性;更多还原

【Abstract】 Scarcing of water resource is a cosmopolitan problem. Whereas our country has limited water resources, average occupation is 1/4 of the international occupation. On statistic, China is one of the twelve deficient water countries. With the progress of city industrialization, developing of industry and agriculture and increasing of population, a great deal untreated water is drained into lakes. This will result in N> P enrich, algae abundant, water color green or brown strongly, smell odorous in these receiving water. In the end water is eutrophicated.Xiba river is one of the 22 rivers which go into the Dianchi lake in Kunming. It has accepted untreated domestic sewage for a long time and the river water is organic pollution severely. The result of water quality monitoring in the Xiba river indicated that some main water pollution index such as BOD₅ COD TN . TP and turbidity were higher than the water quality standard. In order to treat the polluted water in Xiba river, and to prevent the eutrophication of the Dianchi lake turning worse, the treatment on Xiba river water is on necessarily.Aqua Clean（ACF32） were added into the river when the trial carrying on. The Aqua Clean（ACF32） is a liquid microorganism product produced in Ecological laboratory INC in the USA. The Aqua Clean （ACF32） which contains 32 species bacteria was designed to treat organic pollution waste water from industry, agriculture and living. It has good result on reducing bad smell from water and decreasing COD BOD₅ oil and fat concentration in waste water. In order to stay as more microorganism as possible in the river on trial, tube biological carriers were set in the river. In the period of the trial carried on, some water pollution index as BOD₅ COD TN TP SS pH turbidity and species of microorganisms were monitored every week. The experiment result suggested that when the PH of the water is suit for the bacteria living, the Aqua Clean（ACF32） can not change the pH of the water. Three weeks after the trial began, bad smell was decreased, and six weeks later the bad smell was basic eliminated. On the trial period theBOD₅ COD TN TP. turbidity respectively reduced by 5.4%⁵7.8%. 10.9% 48.59 4%⁴2.5%. 6%⁴6% 10%⁶0%. The examination of microorganism alsoexpress, the categories of the algae in the river increased, the quantity of the blue-green alga reduced, and in the end time of the experiment some xenognous animals as wheel animalcule and sagitta also appeared. The esthetic quality of the water body turn better in the end time of the trial.In order to know the principles of the Aqua Clean （ACF32）better, a dynamic model of BOD5 degradation by micorgnism in Aqua Clean （ACF32） was developed,S?S0---jl-Kd —It. The mechanism of aerobic digestion, anaerobic decomposition,Y\ 61denitrification process, phosphors removal and deodorization by bacteria in Aqua Clean（ACF32） was suggested briefly. The problems existed in the process of the trial were analyzed. It was pointed out that low temperature, no fixed the microorganism, low concentration of substrate, complication surroundings of the river, large river discharge, shortage of the adding microorganism, bacteria predated by microanimals and leaching of the microorganisms may be the reasons of low efficiency of pollutants get away. It suggested that this kind of trial would be done in high temperature season and it is important to prevent the leaching of the microorganisms and to keep the quantity and activity of the microorganisms in the system. The survival and contribution of the bacteria added in the river need further research still.更多还原