甘蔗渣/废旧塑料袋复合材料的开发研究

【作者】 薛娜；

【导师】 孙可伟；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 材料加工工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着全球森林资源的日益贫乏,人们开始对木材的使用数量进行了限制。但是,人们生活水平的提高,住房条件的改善,对木质材料的需求与要求却越来越高。如何开发研制出一种能够代替木材的新材料成为近年来材料领域研究的一个热门课题。利用非木材纤维填充热塑性树脂来开发仿木塑料产品越来越受到人们的重视。 本论文根据塑料填充改性的原理,选用生活垃圾中的废旧塑料袋和农业废弃物甘蔗渣作为主要原料,采用双辊混炼工艺,通过共混处理来合成仿木塑板材。研究了甘蔗渣纤维的填充量、长度、不同处理剂、不同处理方法以及相容剂对填充体系性能的影响。开发这种材料的意义在于其具有人类亲和性,环保友好性和可持续性,同时又解决了日益困扰人们的“白色污染”问题。 由于甘蔗渣是亲水的极性材料,而低密度聚乙烯是疏水性的非极性材料,两者相容性较差,研究结果表明,在相同填充量的情况下,甘蔗渣纤维长度的大小对材料的力学性能也有所影响,通过实验得到过长度范围为250～550μm时,制成的复合材料的力学性能最佳;相同长度时,随着甘蔗渣填充量的增加,复合材料的性能呈先增大后减小的趋势,含量为30%时填充效果最佳;由于甘蔗渣具有较强的吸水性,其吸水率随着甘蔗渣填充量的增加而逐渐增加。采用NaOH润胀处理后的甘蔗渣纤维制得的复合材料,性能有所提高,NaOH的浓度及浸泡时间对其性能有较大影响,其中以浓度7.5%,浸泡时间12h为最佳;表面活性处理剂苯甲酸的使用使得材料的抗拉抗弯性能均有明显提高,其含量为4%时抗弯强度最好,抗拉强度随着含量的增加呈上升状态;偶联剂处理后的甘蔗渣纤维填充体系复合材料的性能得到明显改善,其中采用硅烷偶联剂处理效果显著,硅烷偶联剂最佳含量为1%时抗弯抗拉性能均达到最佳值,钛酸酯偶联剂含量为0.5%抗弯性能较好,含量为1%时抗拉强度最好,但这些偶联剂易造成环境污染;相容剂马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯的加入使材料的韧性明显提高,强度提高较大,添加量为9%时强度最好。这些表面处理剂以及相容剂的使用,均使复合材料的吸水率降低。复合材料吸水性后,其性能相对于吸水前有明显提高。本文对此进行了详细的分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, along with global forest resource increasing, people begin to limit the use of timber. However, people the raising of living standard, the improvement of housing condition, make requirement and the demand for wooden material more and more. How to develop a new material to replace the timber material is become a hot subject that field in recent years. People pay more and more attention to develop the simulated wood plastic products which utilize the non- timber fiber to pack hot plasticity resin.This paper according to the plastics modified principle, select old LDPE and non-timber bagasse as main raw materials, mix the materials by the two rollers craft, and formate the simulated wood plastic panel. Study the influence of pack, length, different to deal with pharmaceutical, different treatment method and inclusive pharmaceutical of bagasse fibrous on performance of packing system. The meaning of developing this kind of material because that it has human endophilicity, friendliness and continuation of environmental protection, at the same time it solve the "white pollution" problem that puzzles people increasingly.Because of the stronger water imbibition of bagasse, its inhale water rate increase gradually along with the increasing of content. Under the identical condition of filling quantity, the mechanics performance of composite material are influenced by the length of bagasse, we got the result that the best performance is the range of 250~550 μm. Study results shows that with increasing of the quantity of bagasse fibrous, the performance of composite material submits tendency that increasing first and then reducing. The best effection of content is 30%. The composite material that made of bagasse fiber which has been expanded by NaOH, its performance raised, the density of NaOH and soak time have great influence on its performance, when the density is 7.5% and the soak time is 12h, the best performance appears. The use of surface modifiers benzoate made the tensile and the curving Strength raised .When its content is 4%, the material reached the best the curving strength, and the tensile strength increased with the increasing of the content. The performance of composite material improved distinctly.When the bagasse fiber is treated by the coupling agent. The effection on the material is better when it treated by silane coupling agent, thebest content is 1%, when the content of titanates coupling agent is 0.5%, curving strength is best, and when the content is 1%, tensile strength is best.The use of MAPE made the toughness and performance improved distinctly, the best recruitment is 9%. The use of those surface modifies and compatilizer all made the water absorption of the composite material reduced.After the test of hygroscopicity on the composite material, the performance raised distinctly, this phenomena has been never appeared. The paper analyse it detailedly.更多还原