数控万能工具铣床xk8140主轴系统数字样机的建立与动力学分析

【作者】 高利；

【导师】 迟毅林；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 现代机床的设计理念是:高转速、高加工精度、低噪声。这种高要求的设计理念要求设计人员在设计过程中对机床的动态特性进行研究。而机床的主轴系统是机床整个动态结构中的主体部分,因此对机床的主轴系统进行动力学研究是十分关键和重要的。 传统的设计方法,生产周期长、成本高、设计修改不方便。其主要原因在于:分析、试验、修改等过程所面对的对象是物理样机。因此本文以CAD思想为基础建立数字样机并结合CAE的相关原理对研究对象进行动态特性研究。试图将试验对象由物理样机转化成数字样机,将研究转移到数字平台上来,从而减少对物理样机的试验,加快设计,降低成本。 本文以云南省省院省校合作项目为背景,以昆明铣床厂产品数控万能工具铣床xk8140为研究对象。在CAD软件UG中建立了机床的主轴系统数字模型。并研究总结了UG与CAE软件ANSYS之间的数据交换技术,将两种软件有效结合起来,对机床主轴系统进行了动力学研究。 论文中假定了一种特定的工作状况,动力学分析在这种假定的情况下进行了静态和动态两方面的研究。得出了两种条件下主轴系统的固有频率,以及在谐响应情况下的振动与加工误差的关系问题。针对这些结果对主轴系统结构的合理性做出了相关评价,排除了因主轴结构的不合理而导致机床在转速达到4000rpm或更高时出现噪声增大,加工质量明显降低等问题的这一可能。论文中对多自由度系统动力学以及动力学有限元的相关理论进行了说明与阐述,为研究提供了坚实理论基础。 本文的整个研究过程虽然都是在数字平台上进行的,但在某些关键部分还是跟物理试验结果进行了对比和调整,使研究结果尽力与实际情况相符合。更多还原

【Abstract】 The idea of modern machine tools design is: High rotational speed, high accuracy and low noise etc. So it is necessary for designer to research its dynamic characteristic of machine tools during a design to cater to these requests. Spindle system is a main part in machine tools’ dynamic system. Therefore, it’s pivotal and important to research its dynamic characteristic.Our object is actual physical prototype during analyzing, experimenting and modifying, that lead to some shortcomings of the traditional design method, such as long production cycle, high cost and difficulty of design modification. Digital prototype is created and researched in the thesis depending on CAD and CAE theory. For this reason, actual physical prototype is displaced by digital prototype and our research is done on a digital platform to accelerate design and reduce cost.This thesis take the item that is cooperated by Yunnan Province and some universities as the background, and take the product, numerical control multi-purpose tool milling machine xk8140, from Kunming milling machine factory as the research object. The machine tools’ spindle system digital model is established in UG, and the data exchange technology is researched and summarized between UG and ANSYS in the thesis. The work unified these two kinds of software effectively. It provides us a convenient way to research the dynamic characteristic of spindle system.In the paper we supposed a kind of working condition and the two aspects, static and dynamic, of dynamics analysis are carried on under the situation. Through the studies, the spindle system’s natural frequency is obtained under two kinds of conditions, as well as the relational of vibration and error in harmony response situation. In view of these results the rational appraisal to the spindle system structure rationality is made. Accordingly, the irrational causes removed, that noise increasing, processing quality reducing obviously and so on attribute to the irrational structure of the spindle system machine tools when the spindle rotational speed achieve 4000rpm or higher. At the same time, dynamics and the dynamics finite element theory are explained and expounded in this paper. It provides the strong rationale for the research.Although our entire research is carries on the digital platform, some results areadjusted and contrast to that from real experimentation in several essential parts, in order to tally with the actual results.更多还原