东北红豆杉心材和日本榧树果实化学成分的研究

【作者】 曹聪梅；

【导师】 史清文； 李作平；

【作者基本信息】 河北医科大学 ， 药物化学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 东北红豆杉(Taxus cuspidata)是红豆杉科(Taxaceae)红豆杉属(Taxus)植物,常绿乔木或灌木,主要分布在我国长白山系及日本、朝鲜以及俄罗斯远东地区,通常分为T. cuspidata Sied et Zucc.和T. cuspidata Sied et Zucc var. nana Rehder.两个亚种。红豆杉早在祖国医学精典《本草纲目》就有记载,用于治疗霍乱、伤寒和排毒,在现代《中药大辞典》、《东北药植志》、《吉林中草药》、《本草推陈》等医药书中有了进一步的记载。传统中医药中以红豆杉属植物东北红豆杉T. cuspidata Sied et Zucc.的小枝叶和叶入药,中药处方名紫杉、赤柏松、紫柏松,叶、枝入药都有通经、利尿、抑制糖尿病及治疗肾脏病之效用。民间用红豆杉属植物的果实和枝叶煎汤用以驱虫、消积、润燥、利尿、通经,并且可以治疗多种肠道寄生虫。紫杉醇(Taxol(?))是近30多年来从自然界中被发现的最优秀的新型天然抗肿瘤药物,目前已在40多个国家上市,主要用于卵巢癌、乳腺癌、小细胞性和非小细胞肺癌、头颈部癌的单药治疗,并对食道癌、鼻咽癌、膀胱癌、淋巴癌、前列腺癌、恶性黑色素癌及胃肠道癌也均有显著疗效。紫杉醇属于紫杉烷二萜类化合物,仅分布于红豆杉科红豆杉属的几种植物中,其新颖的结构、可靠的疗效、独特的抗肿瘤作更多还原

【Abstract】 Taxus cuspidata (Taxaceae) is a dioecious and evergreen plant, distributing in the northeast China, Japan and Korea, which can be classified into two subspecies: T. cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc. and T. cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc. var. nana Rehder. T. cuspidata is recorded in“Ben Cao Gang Mu”as medicinal material treating cholera, typhoid and promoting the excreting of toxin. There are more records about T. cuspidata in several books, such as“the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine”,“the Annal of Plants in the Northest”and so on. It is reported that the twigs and needles of T. cuspidata were used as crude herbal medicine to treat diabetes, to cure nephritic disease, to promote diuresis, and as an emmenagogue in the glossary of the Chinese Traditional Medicine. Besides the previous uses, the fruit, twigs and needles are widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of parasites and indigestion.Taxol(?), the efficiency component originally isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew, Taxus brevofolia, is the most active and successful anticancer drug isolated from the nature in the past three decades. Taxol? has been used to treat many kinds of更多还原