【作者】 王玉海；

【导师】 王洪刚；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以双二倍体SDAU18（CCDDDDM^VM^V）、其双亲偏凸山羊草（DDM^VM^V）和柱穗山羊草（CCDD）、普通小麦烟农15（AABBDD）及其与SDAU18、SDAU18与其双亲杂交产生的几个杂种群体为材料,对其主要细胞学及农艺性状特点进行了研究。在此基础上,进一步利用A-PAGE、SDS-PAGE技术对SDAU18及其双亲种子的醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白进行了分析。获得的主要结果如下:1.利用偏凸山羊草和柱穗山羊草杂交,人工合成了双二倍体SDAU18,并对SDAU18及其亲本的细胞学特点进行了鉴定,结果表明:偏凸山羊草和柱穗山羊草的PMC MⅠ的染色体构型均为14Ⅱ,SDAU18 PMC MⅠ的染色体构型基本上为28Ⅱ,根尖细胞（RTC）染色体数目为2n=56。因此,SDAU18是一个细胞学稳定的偏凸山羊草和柱穗山羊草的完全双二倍体。2.农艺性状调查结果表明:与其双亲相比,SDAU18在在株高、穗长、小花数目、大小、每穗小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、,以及与普通小麦的杂交亲和性等方面表现出了较强的杂种优势。另外,和其双亲一样,SDAU18对白粉病和条锈病均表现免疫;同时,SDAU18的抽穗期、开花期与普通小麦相近,易于与普通小麦杂交,因此,SDAU18在普通小麦的遗传改良中具有重要的利用价值。3.利用压片法对偏凸山羊草和柱穗山羊草及其双二倍体SDAU18的小孢子发生和花粉发育过程进行了细胞学观察。结果表明:两亲本偏凸山羊草和柱穗山羊草的小孢子发生和花粉发育正常,二者结实率较高,分别为90.5%和93.2%。双二倍体SDAU18小孢子发生过程基本正常,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I（PMC MⅠ）的染色体构型基本上为28Ⅱ;减数分裂后期Ⅰ,每个细胞落后染色体平均0.95条;四分体期,每个四分体微核数平均为0.58个。在SDAU18花粉发育的每个时期都产生了低频率的败育花粉。在三细胞成熟花粉期,SDAU18可育花粉百分率为88%,能够满足传粉的需要,其结实率仅为71.2%,明显低于两亲本结实率。4.利用压片法对普通小麦烟农15、SDAU18及其杂种F1的小孢子发生和花粉发育过程进行的细胞学观察结果表明:两亲本烟农15和SDAU18的小孢子发生和花粉发育基本正常,二者结实率也基本正常。F₁小孢子发生更多还原

【Abstract】 Agronomic traits investigation ,cytologic characteristics observation have been carried out in Aegilops ventricoas (DDMVMV)-Aegilops cylindrica (CCDD) amphiploid SDAU18 ,its parents Aegilops ventricoas and Aegilops cylindrical ,Wheat of Yannong15(AABBDD),Progenies from SDAU18×Yan-nong15 and hybrids F1 of SDAU18 and its two parents. Meanwhile,A-PAGE and SDS-PAGE were used to characterize the HMW-Glutenin and Gliadin of SDAU18 and its two parents. The main results are showed as follows:1. An amphiploid (SDAU18) was artificially synthesized by crossing Ae.Ventricoas and Ae.cylindrica , the identification on cytologic characteristics of SDAU18 and its parents (Aegilops Ventricoas and Aegilops cylindrica) was carried out. The results show that the chromosome configurations of Aegilops Ventricoas and Aegilops Cylindrica at PMC MⅠare both 14Ⅱ,and that of SDAU18 at PMC MⅠi s basically 28Ⅱ, the number of RTC chromosomes is 56. Thereby, SDAU18,which was basically and cytologically stable,can be judged as a full amphiloid of Ae.ventricoas and Ae.cylindrica by the cytologic analysis.2. The results of agronomic traits investigation showed that SDAU18 are better in many characters than its parents, such as, plant height, ear length, number and size of fiowerets per ear ,seed weight, number of seeds per ear and affinity to wheat,and so on. In addition, it is immune to powdery mildew and stripe rust just as its parents. Further more ,it is very easy to cross with wheat for almost same anthesis to wheat .To sum up,SDAU18 is very valuable in the area of wheat breeding and genetics.3. The microsporogenesis and the pollen development of Amphiploid更多还原