【作者】 郭光喜；

【导师】 刘勇；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae是我国乃至世界麦区的重大害虫,其为害不仅能传播病毒病,而且还严重影响小麦的产量和品质。在蚜虫与小麦相互作用过程中,麦蚜唾液是一种非常重要的侵染因子,因此对麦蚜唾液酶的研究具有重要意义。它不仅有助于阐述植物防御系统的进化特点、生物间信息交流的协助进化关系,而且也使系统地研究小麦、麦蚜、天敌间的协同进化机制有了明确的切入点。本文研究了麦长管蚜唾液中的酶类及其功能,主要研究结果如下:1麦长管蚜唾液介质提取液对小麦间接防御反应的影响结果表明,用双层Parafilm膜夹营养液的方法,以重蒸水和20%蔗糖(含100mmol/L丝氨酸,100mmol/L蛋氨酸,100mmol/L天冬氨酸)2种介质为食料能够成功提取麦长管蚜唾液。“Y”型管嗅觉测定结果表明,4种寄生和捕食性天敌(燕麦蚜茧蜂Aphidius avenae、异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis、七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata和大草蛉Chrysopa septempunctata )对用20%蔗糖(含氨基酸)提取液处理的麦苗反应较强,对水介质提取液处理的麦苗几乎无反应。紫外分光光度计测定结果表明,20%蔗糖(含氨基酸)作为食料与水相比,前者所提取的唾液组分更多。气谱分析结果表明,蚜害麦苗与蔗糖提取液处理麦苗得到的峰形图相似,与水介质提取液处理麦苗的峰形图差别较大,这说明蔗糖提取液处理麦苗与蚜害麦苗产生的挥发物可能相似。因此,蔗糖介质提取液中可能含有诱导小麦产生间接防御反应的诱导因子,而水介质提取液中不可能含诱导因子。2麦长管蚜唾液中酶类的鉴定紫外分光光度计检测结果表明,麦长管蚜的唾腺中含有果胶酶、纤维素酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶4种酶,由此可推知,麦长管蚜在自然状态下取食小麦时,其唾腺可能分泌上述4种酶。人工食料虽然能模仿蚜虫的自然取食条件,但毕竟受某些因素影响,没有完全收集到上述4种酶,而且食料不同,蚜虫分泌酶的种类也随之变更多还原

【Abstract】 The wheat aphid Sitobion avenae is the major pest of wheat in China and many other countries. It is not only as a vector of plant virus diseases, but also making heavily damage to wheat. Aphid saliva is an important invasive component in the interaction of aphids and wheat. So the study on aphid salivary has quite significance, which not only expounds the evolution of plant defense system and the evolutional connection of cross talk of organism, but also provides an important point from which we can systematacially research the coevolution mechanism of wheat, aphids and natural enemies. This paper investigated the enzymes and their function of saliva of S. avenae. The main results are as follows:1. Effect on indirect defense response of wheat treated by S. avenae’s saliva extracted with two kinds of artificial dietsThe saliva of S. avenae was respectly extracted by restilled water and 20% sucrose (100mmol/L serine, 100mmol/L methionine, 100mmol/L aspartic acid). The wheat seedlings (Beijing837) were treated with extracted saliva. Then the volatiles were collected using Porapark. Olfactory responses of the four natural enemy species, i.e., Harmonia Axyridis, Coccinella septempunctata, Chrysopa septempunctata and Aphidius avenae to volatiles of wheat treated by extracted saliva were studied.“Y”tube olfactory test showed that the volatiles of seedlings treated by 20%sucrose (100mmol/L serine, 100m mol/L methionine, 100mmol/L aspartic acid) attracted the four natural enemy species, but the volatiles of seedlings treated by redistilled water had no effect on them. So it concluded that the diet of sucrose may include the elicitor which can induce wheat plant defense response. UV-2450 analysis suggested更多还原