【作者】 马力；

【导师】 张志国；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 土壤学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 运动场草坪是建植于球类和竞技运动场的一类特殊功能的草坪。为了满足体育运动的需要,它必须经常承受高强度的践踏,这要求运动场草坪的坪床具有较强的表面强度(Surface Firmness)、良好渗透排水性(Water Permeability)和抗板结性(Compaction Resistance),以提供良好的运动性能(Playing quality),并保证草坪草的正常生长。以砂作为主要材料的坪床建设方法已较多应用于国外运动场草坪的建设中,如美国高尔夫协会(USGA)建坪方法,PAT(Prescription Athletic Turf System)建坪方法,宾夕法尼亚州建坪方法(New Pennsylvania Design)等。与传统的土基场地相比,砂基坪床提供了更好的渗透排水性能和抗板结性能。但由于砂的粒径较大,粒级分布范围广,颗粒形状不一,其保水、保肥性普遍较差,需与一定比例泥炭、沸石等改良物质相混合,才能将坪床基质的理化性状调节到符合要求的正确范围。国外的这些方法在坪床厚度、剖面层次、砂的粒级范围等方面存在差别,也各有优缺点。而目前在国内,关于运动场草坪砂基坪床成分配比及理化性状方面的研究较少,更缺乏符合国内实际的砂基坪床建设方法,仅按照国外标准实施,往往存在一定的盲目性和资金问题,这在很大程度上制约了我国体育事业的发展。本研究针对目前国内运动场草坪坪床基质材料和结构不合理,草坪质量普遍不高的问题,研究了四种不同粒级组成砂基坪床剖面的水分特性,不同砂粘比例、不同泥炭和沸石混合量对砂基坪床理化性状的影响和变化规律,以及这些变化对草坪草质量的影响,研究结果表明:(1)砂基坪床剖面水分曲线受砂的粒级分布影响,细颗粒成分含量越高,相同坪床高度的含水量越大。粒径为0.5mm~1.0mm的粗砂和粒径为0.25mm~0.5mm的中砂是对坪床水分曲线和水分特性影响较大的组分,相对较高的中砂含量能使坪床中部保持较稳定的持水面(PWT),有利于增强坪床的保水性。细颗粒成分的含量越高,PWT越高、毛管水上升越高、水的渗透速率越慢。相对粗砂来说,较高的中砂和细砂含量更有利于提高坪床的保水性,有利于草坪草的生长、提高草坪质量、降低草坪管理养护的难度和费用。根据本试验选用的四种砂的特性,25cm～30cm坪床深度是合适的,应根据不同砂的水分特性设计不同的坪床深度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The sports turf is a kind of special function lawn constructed in the ball games and athletics field. In order to meet the needs of sports, it must withstand high strength trampling frequently. This requests the turf bed of sports field with strong surface firmness, good water permeability, high draining speed and compaction resistance ability, so as to provide the good playing quality, and meet the needs of turfgrass growth.Currently there are several sports turf construction methods such as the USGA (United States Golf Association) construction method, the PAT (Prescription Athletic Turf System) construction methods, the New Pennsylvania design method, are used internationally, which the sand is used as the main material. Compared with the traditional field soil based sports field, the sand-based sports field provides the better drainage and compaction resistance performance. Because of the large particle size, broad particle size distribution, different shapes of sand particles, the sand-based sports field usually has poor water retention ability and nutrient holding capacity. Therefore certain proportion of other matter such as peat or zeolite is mixed to the sand-based turf bed in order to adjust its physical and chemical properties. There are many differences in bed thickness, profiles, structure, and particle size distribution with the construction methods above. All of them have their advantages and disadvantages. At present, researches on components, physical and chemical properties of sand-based turf bed are not well documented in our country. A standard sports turf construction method, which is suitable to the domestic actual situation, is urgently needed. In this research, the water characteristics of four sand-based profiles with different particle size distribution and the influences of different clay content, different peat or zeolite contents on the physical and chemical properties of sand-based turf bed, as well as the influence of these changes on the turfgrass quality were studied. The result shows:(1) Water characteristics of sand-based profile are important factors that affect sports turf quality, the more fines, the better water holding capacity in the same height of profile, especially coarse sand (1.0mm～0.5mm)and medium sand (0.5mm～0.25mm)which influenced on turf bed moisture release curve and the water characteristics greatly. A stable perched water table (PWT) at the middle of sand-based profile was maintained and更多还原