【作者】 杨志峰；

【导师】 史衍玺；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 植物营养学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 芘与致癌物苯并(a)芘的结构相似,是一类普遍存在于环境中难降解的危险性有机污染物,它可通过食物链危害人类的健康,其环境行为日益受到人们的关注。研究土壤中芘对蔬菜的毒害特征及其机理,对于减少芘的环境风险与保障蔬菜质量安全具有重要意义。本文采用土培与水培模拟试验方法,研究了土壤芘污染条件下油菜、萝卜和辣椒对芘的吸收、富集特征,分析了芘胁迫对蔬菜生长、生理指标的影响及其生态毒性,探讨了土壤芘污染与蔬菜自身抗性的关系,主要研究结果如下:1.土培试验表明,在芘污染条件下,油菜、萝卜、辣椒等三种蔬菜体内的芘含量与土壤中添加的芘的浓度呈显著的正相关关系,但不同种类蔬菜各部位芘的分布不同;油菜、辣椒地上部芘含量低于根部,而萝卜地上部芘含量高于根部。植株地上部芘的含量为:辣椒>萝卜>油菜,根部芘的含量为:辣椒>油菜>萝卜。2.芘对油菜、萝卜、辣椒的种子发芽与根伸长有明显的抑制作用。蔬菜根伸长抑制率与芘浓度均呈显著正相关关系,其中萝卜根伸长抑制率与芘浓度为线性相关,油菜、辣椒根伸长抑制率与芘浓度呈对数相关。三种蔬菜对芘毒性的敏感程度表现为:辣椒>油菜>萝卜。3.土培条件下,高浓度(500mg/Kg)的芘处理能够显著抑制辣椒地上部和根部的生长,对萝卜根部也有显著的抑制作用。油菜和萝卜根部受芘影响较大,而芘对辣椒地上部的抑制作用强于根部。4.对油菜而言,芘处理能够抑制Fe、Zn、K、Mg在油菜体内的运转,同时促进根部对P、K、Ca、Zn、Cu的吸收;对辣椒而言,高浓度的芘处理能够抑制根部对K、Mg、Fe、Zn的吸收,加速K、Mn向地上部的运输,而抑制P、Mg、Fe、Zn向地上部的运输;对萝卜而言,芘处理能够抑制根部对Fe、Zn、Mn的吸收,促进对P、Cu的吸收;加速Fe向地上部的运输,而抑制P、Mn向地上部的运输。K、Ca、Mg与芘的浓度呈现一种剂量效应。即中、低浓度的芘处理能够促进根部对Ca、Mg的吸收,抑制Ca、Mg在体内运转,抑制K的吸收,促进K运转。高浓度芘处理抑制根部对Ca、Mg的吸收,加速Ca、Mg在体内运转,促进K的吸收,抑制K的运转。5.短期水培条件下,芘胁迫能够显著降低萝卜和辣椒叶片中叶绿素含更多还原

【Abstract】 Pyrene has the similiar structure as phenylpyrene, a kind of carcinogen.it’s very dangerous and indiscerptible, and exists universally in environment. It can endanger people’s health through food chain. Nowadays more and more people pay attention to it. Researching the toxicity and mechanism of pyrene to vegetables is so significative that it can reduce the environmental risk of pyrene and guarantee vegetables’quality safety. This paper using soil culture experiment and water culture experiment, studied pyrene absorbing and accumulating characters of three kinds of Pakchoi (Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis L. var. communis Tsen et lee), radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and pimiento (Capsicum annuum.)in the polluted soil environment, analyzed the influence of pyrene intimidation on vegetables’growth and physiology and discussed the relationship between the pyrene pollution of soil and self-fastness of vegetables The main results are as follows:1. Soil culture experiment of the three kinds of vegetables showed that, under the condition of pyrene pollution, pyrene concentrations in the three vegetables were significantly correlated to the added pyrene levels in the soil. However, the concentrations of pyrene are dissimilar between the three kinds of vegetables at their different parts: the concentrations of pyrene in the parts of pakchoi and pimiento above ground were lower than that in their roots, however the case of radish was quite different. The comparison of concentrations of pyrene in the aboveground parts of the three kinds of vegetable was: pimiento was the highest, radish was second, then was pakchoi, and the comparison in the roots was: pimiento was the highest, pakchoi was second, and radish was the lowest.2. Pyrene had an obvious repression on the germination and elongation of roots of the three kids of vegetables. Pyrene concentrations were significantly correlated to the repression rate of elongation of the three’s roots. The root elongation repression rates of pakchoi and pimiento showed logarithms growth with the increase of pyrene concentration, and that of radish show linear growth with the increase of pyrene concentration. However, the sensitivity of the three vegetables to pyrene was different. Pimiento is the most sensitive. According to their valves, comparison of repression rates of pyrene on roots elongation between the three was as follows: pimiento was the easiest to be更多还原