【作者】 李雪蕾；

【导师】 刘霞；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以城市水源集水区-泰安市黄前流域内水源涵养林植被为研究背景,以6种典型森林植被类型-阴坡与阳坡赤松×五角枫混交林、阳坡麻栎单纯林、阳坡板栗单纯林、阳坡侧柏单纯林(以荒草地为对照)为对象,应用分形理论与方法,对土壤粒径级配特征、水文物理性状、水分入渗性能、土壤水分含量等进行了时空动态规律研究,揭示了不同森林植被类型土壤物理结构与水文物理性质的变异性。为城市水源地高效水源涵养林建设的树种选择和林分结构配置提供理论依据与技术支撑。主要研究结果如下:(1)土壤粒径结构特征对土壤粒径分布曲率系数和不均匀系数、土壤团聚体重量平均直径和分形维数进行研究,结果表明:①各种有林地的土壤粒径级配状况明显好于荒草地,而在有林地中,以赤松×五角枫混交林地土壤粒径级配状况最好,其次为麻栎林、板栗经济林和侧柏林。说明针阔混交林能明显提高土壤粒径的分布均匀程度与范围,有利于改善土壤孔隙结构。②赤松×五角枫混交林的土壤粒径结构分形维数均低于麻栎林、侧柏林、板栗单纯林与荒草地;土壤团聚体的重量平均直径均高于麻栎林、侧柏林、板栗单纯林与荒草地,说明针阔混交林土壤结构具有较好的稳定性与土壤通透性。(2)土壤水文物理性状对土壤密度、孔隙度(总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度)、土壤贮水量(吸持贮水量、滞留贮水量、饱和贮水量)等水文物理性质参数进行研究,结果表明:①6种植被类型的土壤密度基本呈现随着土壤深度的增加而减少的趋势。在0～10cm土壤层,土壤密度以板栗林最小(为1.02g/cm~3),其次为阴坡赤松五角枫混交林(1.05g/cm~3),再次为麻栎林、阳坡赤松五角更多还原

【Abstract】 This article regards water boundaries of municipal water source -Huangqian district as studying area, six kinds of typical forest vegetation-the sunny side of the mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis and Acer mono Maxim, the shade side of the mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis and Acer mono Maxim, Quercus acutissima, Castanea mollissima, Platycladus orientalis in the area as the research object( in contrast to grassland), mainly discusses soil structure, physical character of soil, soil infiltration, dynamical Changes of soil water, and announced the variability of the vegetation type soil physical structure and soil hydrology physical property of different forest, providing theoretics bases and technique supporting for the choice of forest and the combination of forest structure in the construction of water boundaries of municipal water source .The results are follows:(1)By analyzing two indexes of particle-size distributions-Cu and Cs , and two indexes of Soil aggregate evaluation-MWD and FD,the result shows:①The soil structure of forest was better than grassland, and among forests, the soil structure of the mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis and Acer mono Maxim is better than Quercus acutissima, Castanea mollissima,Platycladus orientalis. A good forest structure could improve the even degree and range of distribution obviously, and improve the porosity. The soil structure of mixed Forest with needle and broad leaves is the best.②The FD of the mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis and Acer mono Maxim is lower than Quercus acutissima, Castanea mollissima, Platycladus orientalis and grassland, while its mean weight diameter (MWD) is higher than Quercus acutissima, Castanea mollissima, Platycladus orientalis and grassland, which explains that the mixed forest with needle and broad leaves have better soil structure and soil permeability.更多还原