【作者】 李伟；

【导师】 王振芳；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 中国古代史， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 在现代社会看来,连坐是一种残忍的、非人道的犯罪惩处手段。其“以有罪累及无罪”的处罚方式同现代社会的“罪责自负”原则是格格不入的。即使在连坐法实施时期,其反对者也大有人在,连坐法也因之一度被限制甚至取消。但在事实上,连坐法在中国历史上前后存在数千年之久,并最终成为一种制度,被列入律文之中,其施用史不绝书。这种在相悖的现象决定了连坐制度是一个值得关注的课题。 唐代是中国历史上一个相对繁荣、开放的封建王朝,其所创造的物质文明和精神文明对后世的中国和当时的世界都产生了深远的影响。同历代封建王朝一样,唐代也设立有连坐制度。本论文即是以唐代为历史背景,对连坐制度所包含的基本内容、体现的特征及其历史作用进行论述和评析。 在内容上,唐代连坐制度主要包括缘坐(亲属连坐)、官吏职务连坐、邻里连坐、朋党连坐四种形式。本论文在搜集、整理史料的基础上,对这四种连坐形式进行了一个从制度规定到具体实施情况的梳理,做出了一个较为全面的论述。在此基础上,归纳出唐代法律制度的一些相关特征,认为唐代法制具有较强的恤刑主义色彩;但在执行上,尤其到唐代中后期,法律执行与制度规定之间存在着较大的出入。 众所周知,唐代法律制度在中国法制史上较有代表性。在前文对唐代连坐制度进行从制度到具体实施进行论述评析的基础上,本文的第七章对于连坐制度进行了一个历史的评价。在本部分中,首先就连坐制度的确立和废止原因做出了一个分析,并对连坐制度所产生的历史作用阐明了几点看法。作者认为,对连坐制度进行评价应该放在历史大背景中,不能因为其所显现出的残忍性而将其全盘否定。从这个角度出发,作者认为连坐制度具有积极和消极两方面的作用。从国家统治者的角度来看,连坐制度所发挥的历史作用应该是积极的:它大大节省了国家的管理成本,却加强了基层控制力度;它强化了家族成员的家族意识,并加速了家族法的出现和定型。连坐制度成为维系“家国一体”体系的强制性纽带,有利于维持封建国家的统治秩序。而从社会和个人的角度来看,连坐制度的消极作用也是明显的。它忽视甚至无视个人的生命价值,视生命如草芥;连坐制度虽然维护了社会的稳定,却严重地阻碍了社会变革。因此,连坐制度只能是国家统治的工具,历史发展的大趋势决定了其最终必将退出历史舞台的命运。更多还原

【Abstract】 Looked like in the modern society that, Lian Zuo is one kind cruel, non-humanity crime punishment method. It punishment way of "the guilty implicates innocent" is incompatible with the principle of "the responsibility for an offense is proud" in the modern society. Even if in the Lian Zuo implemented time, there are plenty of its opponents, thus Lian Zuo also become limited even canceled once. But in fact, Lian Zuo had existed several millennium in the Chinese history, and become one kind of system. Its runnings were seen in the historic books. This phenomenon had indicated that Lian Zuo the system is a topic which is worth paying attention.The Tang Dynasty is a relative prosperous, openning feudal dynasty in the Chinese history. The material civilization and the spiritual civilization its created have had profound influence to later generation’s China and then world. As all previous feudalism dynasties, Tang Dynasty also set up the Lian Zuo system. The present thesis takes the Tang Dynasty as the historical background, to implicate that the basic content and its implementation of the system to contain, then evaluate the manifested characteristic and its the historical function.In the content, the Tang Dynasty Lian Zuo system mainly included four kind of forms as the Yuan Zuo (Relative to be implicated), the government official duty Lian Zuo, the neighborhood Lian Zuo, the clique Lian Zuo. The present thesis implicates these four kinds forms from the system to concrete implementation, and makes a more comprehensive elaboration in the foundation of collection and reorganization historical data. In this foundation, induces the Tang Dynasty law system some correlation characteristics, thought the Tang Dynasty legal system has strongly mindful thinking in the Tang Dynasty’s legal system.But in the execution, especially to the Tang Dynasty mid and late part, the legal execution and the system has the big difference.It is well known, the Tang Dynasty law system has the representation in the Chinese legal system history. On the elaboration evaluation foundation of the Tang Dynasty’ Lian Zuo system from the system to the concrete implementation in the front article, the seventh chapter makes a historical appraisal regarding the Lian Zuo system. In this part, it was firstly implicated the reason for the system establishment and abolishes, and expounds several views about the historical function which the system produced to. The author believed that, the appraisal of Lian Zuo system should be supposed to place in the big historical background, cannot totally repudiation because its appearring cruelty. Embarks from this angle, the author thought the Lian Zuo system has both positive and negative aspects. Looked from the national ruler’s angle that, the historical function which the system displays should be supposed to be positive: It has saved the national management cost greatly, strengthened the basic unit control dynamics actually;It strengthened the family member’s family consciousness, and has accelerated family’s method appearance and the stereotyped. The Lian Zuo system became a compulsory link which maintained Chinese "a family country body" system. It was advantageous in maintaining the feudal country the dominant order. But looked from the society and individual angle that, the negative effect of the Lian Zuo system also is obvious. It neglects even disregards individual life value, regards the life like to be worthless;the Lian Zuo system has maintained society’s stability, but seriously has hindered the social transformation actually. Therefore, the Lian Zuo system was only able to be the national rule tool. The historical main tendency had decided the destiny it finally will certainly withdraw from the historical arena.更多还原