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山西省运动员心理耗竭现状及其影响因素研究
Research on Burnout and Its Influence Factors of the Athletes in Shanxi Province
【作者】 王伟;
【导师】 石岩;
【作者基本信息】 山西大学 , 体育人文社会学, 2006, 硕士
【摘要】 本研究以山西省运动员为研究对象,采用问卷调查、专家访谈、数理统计等方法,对运动员心理耗竭现状及发展特点进行研究。通过分析山西省运动员在比赛和训练中的心理压力和心理耗竭情况,探讨人口学变量,包括性别、年龄、学历等以及其它影响因素对运动员心理耗竭的影响作用,并进一步研究影响因素对运动员心理耗竭问题的预测作用,建立运动员心理耗竭的原因模型。最终,帮助运动员寻求改善心理压力的可能性,为获得心理健康提供理论依据,同时,为运动员在训练和比赛中能够充分发挥竞技水平,提出对策性建议。 本研究编制了《运动员训练比赛情况调查》问卷,包括现状调查和影响因素两部分。通过对254名山西省运动员的调查,对数据进行相关分析、方差分析和回归分析处理,最后研究结果表明: 1、山西省运动员的心理耗竭维度与Maslach(1981)的心理耗竭理论基本相符,包括情绪枯竭、冷漠和成就感降低三个维度。 2、目前,山西省运动员的心理耗竭程度整体上不高,情绪枯竭程度趋于中度,冷漠程度偏低,而成就感降低程度偏高。可见,相当一部分运动员有心理耗竭的倾向。 3、山西省运动员的心理耗竭程度在人口学变量上存在一定的差异。不同性别的运动员在冷漠维度上差异显著,且女性高于男性;不同年龄的运动员在冷漠和成就感降低维度上存在显著差异,且19~22岁之间的运动员更容易出现冷漠;不同学历、运动专项的运动员在情绪枯竭和成就感降低维度上存在显著差异;没有获得过运动成绩的运动员最容易出现情绪枯竭;不同训练年限、运动等级的运动员心理耗竭差异不明显。
【Abstract】 The research takes the athletes in Shanxi Province as the research target to analysis the phenomena of burnout through the method of questionnaire investigation and conversation. It can explore the athletes’ pressure in the training and competition, and then analyze the influence factors. At last, the paper establishes the athletes’ burnout coping model, helps the athletes to seek the improvement pressure the possibility, raises the good psychological healthy, and puts forward the measures for the athletes to make good performance and show themselves in the competition.Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlate analysis, equation analysis and stepwise regression analysis. The following are the conclusions.1. The athletes’ burnout in Shanxi province is accorded with the Maslach Burnout Theory, including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment.2. At present, the level of the athletes’ burnout in Shanxi province is not high. The emotional exhaustion is medium degree; the depersonalization is low degree; the reduced personal accomplishment is high degree.3. There are differences of the athletes’ burnout in Shanxi province in the population variable analysis. The different athletes’ gender in Shanxi province is very different striking on the emotion exhaustion. And the female is higher than the male. For the depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment, the different Shanxi athletes’ age is striking. Between 19 and 22 age the athletes are easier to have the feeling of burnout. Both
【Key words】 athletes; burnout; modern situation; influence factors; strageties;
- 【网络出版投稿人】 山西大学 【网络出版年期】2006年 11期
- 【分类号】G804.8
- 【被引频次】19
- 【下载频次】496