【作者】 张剑；

【导师】 王志连；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 政党制度是现代国家政治制度的重要组成部分，而政党立法则是一国政党制度的法律体现和具体规定。20世纪是世界政党政治充分发展的时期。在此进程中，德国和俄罗斯政党政治的发展具有一定的典型意义。德国在西方国家中素有“政党国家”之称，1967年颁布的《政党法》是历史上第一部关于政党的专门立法，对其他国家的政党立法影响较大；俄罗斯是重要的“转型国家”，苏联解体后，俄力图建立西方式的政党制度，2001年颁布实施的《政党法》使俄政党政治进一步走上规范化、立法化轨道。从政党法的视角对俄德两国的政党制度加以比较研究，对于我们深刻认识和把握俄德两国乃至世界政党政治的发展过程，并以此为鉴，进一步完善适合我国国情的政党制度，无疑具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。 文章从《政党法》颁布的历史背景、主要内容，以及对政党制度的影响等三个方面，对俄德两国的政党制度进行了较为系统的比较研究。文章认为，俄德两国《政党法》颁布的历史背景很不相同，但都反映出各自国家政党政治发展的内在要求。德国的《政党法》作为历史上第一部专门立法，其内容具有开创性和典范性，俄《政党法》在很大程度上借鉴了德国的政党法。然而，两国政党法的内容都体现了掌权的资产阶级政党的利益，其目的都是维护资产阶级的民主政治制度。总的看，两国《政党法》的颁布和实施在相当程度上实现了立法者们的初衷，都应算是比较成功的立法，为两国各具特色的政党制度奠定了坚实的法制基础。基于对俄德两国政党法及政党制度的比较分析，作者还对我国的政党立法工作提出了几点建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Party system is an important part of politic system in modern country, while a statute on party as its concrete rules embodies legally one state’s party system. The twenties century is a period when party politic developed fully and worldly, in it of typical significances are party politic of Germany and Russia. Germany is long since honored as "Party country", the first specialized law in history, The Party Law issued in 1967, cast a great light on party statutes of other countries; "Mode-shifting country" Russia after the decay of Soviet Union, made great efforts to build a western party system, The Party Law published and carried out in 2001 stepped up the Russian party politic towards standardization and legalization. A comparing research on party system between Russia and Germany on the prospect of The Party Law undoubtedly are meaningful both theoretically and practically to our profound recognition and grasp of the party system development in these two countries and then in the whole world, to perfecting our own party system in accordance with the nation situation.This text made a systematical comparing research into the party system of Russia and Germany, on the three aspects of The Party Law: its historical background, chief content, as well as its influence on the party system. This context hold, The Party Law differently reflect the inner demands of countries’ development, though great difference in issuing background. Germen The Party Law shows initiatives and typicality in content as the first specialized law in history, to which to a great extent Russia referred. Nevertheless, these two laws embodied both in contents the capitalist’s benefits on reign, their intentions were in common to protect the capitalist’s democracy. In general, two states’ issuing and carrying out The Party Law greatly came true the law-makers’ chief intention, built up steadfast basement legally, should be regarded as compare successes. Based on the comparing analysis, the author also provides several suggestions on our country’s party law statutes.更多还原