【作者】 张秀丽；

【导师】 侯建华；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以山丹新麦草为材料,进行了组织培养再生体系及多倍体诱导的研究。通过研究和筛选新麦草离体成熟胚愈伤组织诱导培养、继代增殖和分化培养的最佳激素配比,建立了从愈伤组织到再生小植株的再生体系;通过秋水仙素处理萌动种子、胚芽、二倍体植株幼苗、成熟胚愈伤组织以及再生小植株的染色体加倍研究,探讨了不同诱变材料的适宜处理浓度和时间,并获得了山丹新麦草多倍体植株。试验结果表明:(1)成熟胚愈伤组织诱导的最佳激素配比是MS+2.4-D 2.0 mg/L。出愈率为91.7%。(2)继代增殖培养的最佳激素配比是MS+2.4-D 1.5 mg/L+KT 0.5 mg/L。愈伤组织平均日增重1.43%。(3)分化培养的最佳激素配比是MS十2.4-D 2.0 mg/ L十NAA 1.0 mg/ L。其绿色芽点率和出苗率分别为78.5%和49.5%,白化苗率为2.5%。(4)不同材料经秋水仙素诱变处理后,其染色体的加倍效果明显不同。其中,以处理二倍体植株幼苗效果最好,加倍率最高,达62.5%;其次为处理胚芽和愈伤组织,加倍率均为50%;处理萌动种子加倍率最低,为14.3%。(5)采用各种方法诱变后染色体加倍的当代植株均为二倍体(2n=2x=14)和四倍体(2n=4x=28)的混倍体,个别加倍植株中还鉴定出三倍体(2n=3x=21)细胞。(6)加倍植株叶明显变长、变宽,叶色浓绿,其苗高、叶长和叶宽分别为对照植株的126.47%、123.80%和102.97%。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Psathyrostachya perennis Keng.cv.shandan were used for the study of tissue culture regeneration system and polyploid induction. By study and filtration the best hormone assorted proportion of calli induction culture ,multiplication culture and differentiation culture of mature embryo,which established regeneration system from callus to regeneration plantlets; studies on chromosome doubling by colchicines liquid treating germinating seeds.embroy.diploid seedlings.calli and regeneration plantlets, discussing the suitable treatment concention and time of different induction material. The polyploid plants of Psathyrostachya perennis Keng.cv.shandan were obtained. The results were as following:(1) The optimal hormone assorted proportion for inducing mature embryo callus was MS+2.4-D 2.0 mg/L. Culture and the germination rate was 91.7%.(2) The optimal hormone assorted proportion for multiplication culture was MS+2.4-D 1.5 mg/L+KT 0.5 mg/L.The daily average multiplication rate was 1.43%.(3) The optimal hormone assorted proportion for differentiation culture was MS十2.4-D 2.0 mg/ L十NAA 1.0 mg/ L.The green bud rate was 78.5% and seedling rate was 49.5%, while the albinism rate was only 2.5%.(4) The doubling effect was different obviously by chromosome treating with the different materials. The doubling effect was best and the the induction frequency vas highest 62.5% by treating diploid seedling , the induction frequency vas 50.0% by treating embroy and callus , while the induction frequency vas lowest 14.3% by treating germinating seeds .(5)All plants with doubled choromosome number were mixoploids including diploids (2n=2x=14) and tetraploids (2n=4x=28), there are choromosome of 2n=3x=21 in individual doubled plants.(6) The leaves of the doubling plants became lomger and wider obviously, and they were 123.80% and 102.97% of the control , the plants height was 126.47% of the control respectively .更多还原