【作者】 于洋；

【导师】 庞保平；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 麦长管蚜(Macrosiphum avenae)属同翅目、蚜科,是世界性小麦害虫。长期以来对麦蚜的防治主要采用化学防治的方法,不仅污染环境,而且造成害虫产生抗药性和杀伤天敌。麦蚜的发生危害没有减轻,反而有日趋严重的趋势。应用抗虫品种是防治麦蚜最经济、有效的措施之一。然而,目前关于春小麦抗蚜性及其机理的研究却不多见。因此,作者采用室内外相结合的方法,研究了27个春小麦品种(系)对麦长管蚜的抗性及其机理,以其为进一步选育和利用抗性品种控制麦长管蚜的危害奠定必要的基础。室内研究表明,在不选择性、抗生性和耐害性方面,27个供试小麦品种(系)幼苗对麦长管蚜的抗性存在显著差异,但总的抗性不存在显著差异。不同品种(系)小麦幼苗期叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、单宁和黄酮含量存在显著差异,但与不选择性、抗生性和耐害性不存在显著的相关关系。田间小区试验表明,在小麦成长期,供试小麦品种(系)间对麦长管蚜的抗性存在显著差异。室内饲养实验表明,在小麦成长期,供试的7个不同抗性品种(系)对麦长管蚜若蚜发育历期、存活率、成蚜寿命和生殖力有显著的影响。麦长管蚜在抗性强的品种上成蚜寿命短、产仔量少;存活曲线在新春6号上为Ⅲ型,在其余6个品种上均为I型;以内禀增长率作为测定抗生性的指标,小麦品种对麦长管蚜抗生性的大小依次为硬白>新春6号>02C-MB>巴丰1号>永良4号>内麦19>蒙花1号,与田间抗性鉴定结果基本相同。田间小区试验表明,不同小麦品种(系)间的穗重损失率、千粒重损失率和产量损失率存在显著差异。以产量损失率作为小麦对麦长管蚜总抗性的指标,结果表明,抗性最强的品种(系)为02C-MB,其次为CDS16和CDS17;抗性最弱的为龙麦26,其次为CDS12和蒙花1号。更多还原

【Abstract】 Macrosiphum avenae (Homoptera:Aphididae) is an important pest of wheat in the world. The chemicals have mainly been used to control the wheat aphids for a long time, which not only pollutes the environment but also causes the pests to produce the resistance to pesticides, and kills natural enemies. Occurring and harming of the wheat aphids have not decreased, and there is a more serious trend instead. Insect-resistant cultivars are one of the most economic and effective measures to control wheat aphids. However, there are rare researches on the resistance to aphids and mechanism of the spring wheat until now. Therefore, the resistance and mechanism of 27 cultivars or lines of spring wheat to M. avenae is studied in order to establish an essential foundation for further selection and utilization of insect-resistant cultivars to control M. avenae .Indoor research indicates that there are remarkable differences in non-preference, antibiosis and tolerance to M. avenae, respectively, among 27 cultivars or lines of spring wheat seedlings, but no remarkable difference in the total resistance. In young seedling stage of different wheat cultivars or lines , chlorophyll, soluble candy, soluble protein, tannin and flavone have remarkable differences, but no remarkable relationship with non-preference, antibiosis and tolerance.The field plot test showes that there are remarkable differences to M. avenae in growth stage among different wheat cultivars or lines. At wheat growth stage, raising experiment in the lab indicates that there are significant differences to M. avenae in the developmental duration and mortality of the nymphae, and the longevity and fecundity of adults among 7 cultivars or lines with different resistance. The adults have shorter longevity and minor fecundity when reared on the leaves of higher resistant wheat varieties. The survival curves fall into Deevey I execept for Xinchun6 falling into DeeveyⅢ.The intensity of wheat resistance is Yingbai>Xinchun6>02C-MB> Bafeng1>Yongliang4 >Neimai19 >Menghua1 using the intrinsic rate of increase(rm) as an index of wheat antibiosis to aphids, which is correspondent well with that in fields.Field plot tests indicates that there are remarkable differences in the loss rates of spike, thousand grain weight and output among different wheat varieties or lines. Using the loss rate of output as an index of the wheat total resistance to M. avenae, the result indicates that 02C-MB is the strongest, secondly CDS16 and CDS17, and longmai26 is the weakest,更多还原