【作者】 许丽；

【导师】 德力格尔桑；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 农产品加工及贮藏工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过对中国奶牛业的发展和奶类生产特征、中国奶类的生产、中国奶类的供给弹性、中国奶业发展中的政府支持政策等方面的剖析,详细阐述了中国奶类生产的现状、特征、以及存在的问题。1949年以来中国奶类总产量及年人均占有量都在快速增长,但与世界平均水平还有很大差距。中国的奶类消费主要集中在大中城市,2003年人均消费量不足世界平均水平的14%,其人均消费支出也不高,奶类的主要消费群体城镇居民的人均奶类消费支出只占人均食品消费支出的5.2%。中国奶类生产具有小规模、低效率、低水平的特点。经过分析,本文得出如下结论:一是中国的奶类生产具有明显区域不平衡性,主要表现在原料奶、液体奶以及干乳制品的分布明显不平衡;二是中国奶类制品的产品结构不够合理,急需调整,调整将会向干酪和发酵奶制品比重逐渐增加而奶粉和液体奶比重逐渐减小的方向发展;三是居民收入水平的增加是中国奶类生产量增加的推动力,居民收入水平对奶类生产量的影响作用显著,而且是呈指数增长趋势;四是中国专业户饲养奶牛的成本低于国营集体奶牛场,这也是造成中国许多地方目前乳品加工企业多而规模小的主要原因之一;五是技术进步将是中国奶类供给增长的主动力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Current situation, character, existing problem of Chinese dairy industry were expatiated by analyzing production and supply of Chinese dairy industry.Although milk total yield and average consumption per capita in China have been increasing since 1949, it lagged behind compared with the world level. The average consumption per capita in China was less than 14% of average consumption level in world, its expenditure merely accounted for 5.2% of the whole food consumption expenditure, and the main consumption areas were large cities. Milk production was characterized by miniature, low efficiency and low-level.The five results were obtained as follow, firstly, the dairy production was unbalanced regionally, mainly showed supply of raw milk, milk powder, and liquid milk; secondly, the product structure was not rational and necessarily adjusted to new trend that cheese and fermented milk would increase while liquid milk and milk powder would decrease; thirdly, increasing income will promote supply of dairy products,income level kept increasing by index, and affected on dairy production notably; fourthly, spending of individual feeding was less than national farm, which was one of main reasons that there were many small dairy manufactories in China; fifthly, the advanced technique would be main influencing factors of milk supply in China.更多还原