【作者】 郭英；

【导师】 孙学振；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验于2004～2005年在山东农业大学科技示范园进行,选用生长发育特性和品质性状有一定差异的2个棉花品种:鲁棉研18号(L18)和中棉所41号(ZH41),在田间试验条件下,设定3个施钾量,系统研究了钾素营养对不同部位棉铃棉纤维伸长发育的影响及生理基础。主要试验结果如下:1.钾素营养对棉花生长发育及叶片生理特性的影响钾素营养对棉花前期生长及叶片生理特性有重要的影响。施钾增加了棉花株高和单株叶片数,且随施钾量增加,增幅呈增大趋势;而对单株叶面积的影响不同,当施钾(K2O)量为180kg/hm2时,叶面积达最大值,继续增施钾肥叶面积减小;施钾促进了叶绿素的合成,提高了光合速率(Pn),同时增加了叶绿素荧光动力学参数Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm和qP值,降低了qN值,增加了PSⅡ的实际量子效率(φPSⅡ)和光合电子传递速率(ETR),从而提高了棉花功能叶的光合功能;施钾还提高棉花前期叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,降低了过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,减少过氧化物的产生和累积,降低丙二醛(MDA)的含量,减轻活性氧对细胞膜的伤害,但过量施钾对氧自由基代谢不利。此外,施钾还增加了叶片中生长素(IAA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)、赤霉素(GA3)的含量,降低了脱落酸(ABA)的含量,有利于延缓棉花叶片的衰老。钾素营养亦对棉花中后期生长发育及叶片生理特性有重要的影响作用。施钾增加了棉花最终株高和果枝数,降低了第一果枝着生节位,且随着施钾量的增加,增幅和降幅加大,L18和ZH41表现一致。施钾明显增加了棉花叶片中叶绿素含量,提高了Pn和蒸腾速率(EVEP),增加了叶绿素荧光动力学参数Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm和qP值,增加了φPSⅡ和ETR,降低了qN值,且随着施钾量的增加,增幅和降幅加大。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment was conducted in the scientific farm of Shandong Agricultural University from 2004 to 2005. Two cotton varities, Lu mianyanNO.18 (L18) and Zhong miansuoNO.41(ZH41) with different growth characters and fibre quality, were used and 3 rates of K fertilizer were applied (K2O 60, 180 and 300 kg/hm2) under field condition. Effect of potassium nutrition on Elongation and development of cotton fibre in Bolls at Different Positions and its physiological basis was studied. The main results were as follows:1. Effect of potassium nutrition on growth and development and leaf physiological characteristics of cottonThere was an obvious effects of potassium nutrition on growth and development and leaf physiological characteristics at former stage of cotton. K application increased plant height and leaf numbers per plant, and then with further increasing potassium fertilizer, the ranges of increase were enhanced. but effect on leaf area were not consistent. It appeared to reach maximum area when K application rate was 180 kg/hm2, and then declined with further increasing potassium fertilizer. K application could promote the synthesize of chlorophyll and enhance photosynthesis rate(Pn) of leaves . K application increased the chlorophyll fluorescence dynamics parameters, Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm更多还原