【作者】 丁琦；

【导师】 罗万春；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农药学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 为寻找环境友好杀线虫剂,本文以南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)为靶标,采用室内离体生物活性测定与温室盆栽植物生物活性测定相结合的方法,对8种植物的杀线虫活性进行了筛选与验证。同时,对筛选出的杀线虫活性较高植物——茼蒿的杀线虫活性组分进行了初步分离,并建立了指纹图谱;作为比较,研究了13种植物源化合物对南方根结线虫的活性,旨在为环境友好杀线虫剂的研究与开发提供理论依据。结果如下:1.室内离体生物活性测定结果表明:在8种植物的24种提取物中,以茼蒿甲醇提取物(20mg/mL,以干粉计)对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫的毒杀活性为最高,24h、48h、72h的校正死亡率分别为:91.78%、87.70%和85.34%;但其杀线虫活性随时间的延长而降低,说明茼蒿甲醇提取物的杀线虫活性与时间效应成负相关。各植物均以强极性与中等极性溶剂提取物的杀线虫活性为强,表明所筛选植物的杀线虫活性成分多为极性化合物。2.温室盆栽植物生物活性测定结果表明:番茄移栽前,以茼蒿甲醇提取物、小蓟甲醇提取物、马缨丹乙酸乙酯提取物、曼陀罗甲醇提取物、蓖麻甲醇提取物及大藜甲醇、乙酸乙酯与石油醚提取物(100mg/mL,以干粉计)对番茄苗进行浸根(30min)处理,可以有效地减少番茄根部因南方根结线虫侵染而形成的根结数,其中尤以茼蒿与蓖麻甲醇提取物的效果为好,根结防效分别为90.83%和73.17%。茼蒿甲醇提取物、马缨丹与蓖麻石油醚提取物、曼陀罗与大藜乙酸乙酯提取物可以有效抑制番茄根部南方根结线虫的种群数量,对2龄幼虫的防效分别为:79.87%、84.24%、83.52%、76.70%、82.80%。3.茼蒿甲醇提取物对番茄生长具有一定的促进作用;但苍耳甲醇与乙酸乙酯提取物则对番茄生长具有明显抑制作用。多数提取物及丙酮与甲醇同比稀释液对番茄种子萌发没有显著影响;大藜乙酸乙酯提取物对番茄种子萌发具有一定的促进作用,而苍耳甲醇与石油醚提取物及大藜石油醚提更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently, more attention has been paid on products of natural plants which play an important role for impoldering substitutes of organic synthetic pesticides which are serious threat to the environment such as resistance, residue and resurgence, especialy high toxicity to vertebrates. In order to develop new ways and new natural products for controlling Meloidogyne incognita, nematicidal acitivities of 8 species plants to Meloidogyne incognita were studied with bioassay both in vitro and in vivo in present paper. Nematicidal components of Chrysanthemum coronarium were also initially separated. Meanwhile, nematicidal acitivities of 13 phytochemicals were also investigated, and the results would provide some theoretical basis for the research and development of friendly nematicides. The results could be summarized as follows:1. In vitro bioassay results showed that, methanol extract(MeOH-Ext.)of Chrysanthemum coronarium (20mgDPP/mL) had the best nematicidal activity to J2 of Meloidogyne incognita in all the extracts with ajusted mortality: 91.78%(24h), 87.70%(48h), 85.34%(72h). But the bioactivity of MeOH-Ext.of Chrysanthemum coronarium was debasing with time prolongating, it may be illuminated that the pertinence between bioactivity and time was negative. The results also indicated that the nematicdal components mainly existed in the strong polarity solvents extracts.2. In vivo bioassay results showed that, the number of root-knots could be effectively reduced dipping tomato seedlings with MeOH-Exts of Chrysanthemum coronarium, Cirsium setosum, Datura stramonium, Ricinus communis, Chenopodium album, ethyl acetate extracts(EtOAc-Exts.) of Lantana camara, Chenopodium album and petroleum ether extract (PtOEt-Ext.)of Chenopodium album for 30 minutes before transplanting, and the control effects of MeOH-Exts of Chrysanthemum coronarium and Ricinus communis were 90.83%, 73.17% respectively. J2 amounts could be availably restrained by MeOH-Ext. of Chrysanthemum coronarium, PtOEt-Exts of更多还原