【作者】 庞云红；

【导师】 薛明；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura Fabricius)属鳞翅目夜蛾科,是一种间歇性发生的世界性害虫,在我国各省、市、区均有分布,危害严重。本文以烟草、豇豆、白菜和甘薯为寄主植物,研究了不同寄主植物对斜纹夜生长发育和繁殖的影响;选用5种代表性杀虫剂测定了对取食不同寄主的斜纹夜蛾幼虫的毒力;利用酶抑制剂和酶动力学法对取食不同寄主的斜纹夜蛾幼虫对药剂敏感性差异的机理进行了初步探讨;并研究了烟草主要次生物质烟碱对斜纹夜蛾生长发育和药剂敏感性的影响;为防治斜纹夜蛾筛选了高效低毒药剂。为烟草上的斜纹夜蛾可持续治理提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:1.烟草、白菜、豇豆和甘薯等4种寄主植物对斜纹夜蛾的生长发育和繁殖影响不同。其中,斜纹夜蛾成虫在寄主上的产卵选择由高到低顺序为白菜>豇豆>甘薯>烟草,初孵幼虫选食顺序为豇豆>甘薯>白菜>烟草。不同寄主饲养的幼虫发育历期有显著差异,取食烟草>甘薯>豇豆>白菜;幼虫期存活率为豇豆>白菜>甘薯>烟草;成虫产卵量为甘薯>豇豆>白菜>烟草。取食烟草的幼虫对食物的相对取食量和近似消化率降低,但对食物的利用和转化效率却最高,说明其对食物烟草存在着一定的适应性。2.取食不同的寄主植物能显著影响幼虫对药剂的敏感性。以取食甘薯的对药剂最敏感,取食烟草的幼虫对辛硫磷和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的敏感性显著降低,对5龄幼虫毒力较取食甘薯的分别降低了11.92和8.24倍,对溴虫腈和氰戊菊酯的敏感性也有降低,分别是取食甘薯的3.02倍和2.69倍,而对灭多威的敏感性却略有升高。不同龄期对药剂的敏感性也有差异。3.对取食不同寄主的斜纹夜蛾幼虫进行了离体酶测定。结果表明,不同的寄主植物显著影响了斜纹夜蛾体内羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽转移酶等解毒酶的活性,羧酸酯酶比活力顺序为:取食烟草>白菜>豇豆>甘薯,谷胱甘肽转移酶比活力顺序为:豇豆>烟草>白菜>甘薯。通过酶动力学分析,解毒酶不仅发生了量变,而且发生了质变,解毒酶的解毒活性提高是取食不同寄主植物的斜纹夜蛾幼虫对药剂产生耐药性差异的原因之一。取食不同寄主的幼虫乙酰胆碱酯酶也有一定差异,比活力顺序为甘薯>豇豆>烟草>更多还原

【Abstract】 Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was a kind of worldwide insect pest and broke out intermittently in china. By rearing of the S. litura on Chinese cabbage, tobacco and sweet potato in the laboratory, the development and production of S. litura was studied on the four different host plants. Toxicity of S. litura fed on different host plants to five kinds of insecticides were measured. And the susceptibility mechanism was studied by means of synergist and enzyme dynamics. Effect of nicotine on development and susceptibility to pesticides were also studied. At the same time, many kinds of pesticides were filtered by topical application method. The main results were as follows:1.The effect of host plants on development and production to S. litura were different. It was showed in the choice trials that the order of adults oviposition preference on different host plants was Chinese cabbage>cowpea >sweet potato>tobacco, and the order of distribution of newly hatched larvae was cowpea>sweet potato>Chinese cabbage>tobacco. The larval duration sequence was tobacco>sweet potato>cowpea>Chinese cabbage, the sequence of larval survival percentage was cowpea>Chinese cabbage>sweet potato> tobacco, and the adults fecundity sequence was sweet potato>cowpea> Chinese cabbage>tobacco. Larvae fed on tobacco showed the highest efficien- cy of conversation of ingestied food (ECI) and efficiency of conversation of digestied food (ECD), but relative consumption rate (RCR) and approximate digestibility (AD) descended. It demonstrated that S. litura had definite adaptability to tobacco.2.Host plants significantly affected the susceptibility of larve to pesticides. Larvae fed on sweet potato showed highest susceptibility to pesticides, while the susceptibility of larvae fed on tobacco to phoxim and emamectin benzoate decreased significantly, and the toxicity of 5th larvae decreased 11.92 folds and 8.24 folds respectively compared with the larvae fed on sweet potato. The susceptibility of larvae fed on tobacco to chlorfenapyr and fenvalerate also更多还原