【作者】 田保状；

【导师】 孙明高；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业推广， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以绒毛白蜡Fraxinus velutina Torr.,鹅掌楸Liriodendron chinense Sarg.,栾树Koelreuteria Paniculata Laxm.,女贞Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,红叶臭椿Ailanthus altissima var.‘Hongye’,海州常山Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb.等6个树种2年生实生苗为材料,在人工熏气室内分别进行不同浓度和低浓度不同时间的SO2胁迫,对参试树种叶片的胁迫症状、细胞膜透性、MDA含量、可溶性蛋白含量、SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性、叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、气体交换特征参数以及根系活力和根系吸收面积等指标进行了测定,在运用相关分析、主成分分析、模糊函数隶属法等数学方法对数据进行分析的基础上,系统论述了各树种对SO2的反应特性,进一步探讨了SO2对树木的伤害机理。研究结果表明:1.大多数树种在低浓度SO2长时间胁迫与短时间高浓度SO2胁迫条件下所出现的症状是相似的,说明每个树种对SO2的抗性都存在一个阈值。2.在5.4mg·m-3的SO2胁迫条件下,红叶臭椿、绒毛白蜡和栾树的高生长量要高于对照,其余树种的生长速率则低于对照。各树种的高增长与受害程度密切相关。3.在SO2胁迫条件下各树种的叶绿素受到不同程度的破坏,并且随胁迫浓度加大和胁迫时间延长,所受的破坏愈重。类胡萝卜素的含量,随胁迫浓度的上升,鹅掌楸和绒毛白蜡是先升后降,海州常山和红叶臭椿出现下降趋势,栾树和女贞是上升趋势。4.三种保护酶在红叶臭椿抗SO2氧化方面起着重要作用,而鹅掌楸和女贞可能是通过其它途径来清除活性氧从而抵御SO2伤害。5.从树种差异上看,抗性强的红叶臭椿和绒毛白蜡在SO2胁迫下,细胞膜透性变化小,MDA含量保持稳定,而抗性弱的女贞和海州常山则细胞膜透性变化大,MDA含量增加多,尤其在5.4 mg·m-3SO2胁迫4h～8h间,细胞膜透性急剧增加,膜破坏性极大。6.用14个指标,采用模糊数学隶属函数法,对6个树种对SO2的抗性进行了综合评价,各树种抗性强弱的排序结果如下:红叶臭椿>绒毛白蜡>栾树>女贞>海州常山>鹅掌楸。更多还原

【Abstract】 Potted two-year-old seedlings of six ornamental tree species(Fraxinus velutina Torr., Liriodendron chinense Sarg., Koelreuteria Paniculata Laxm., Ligustrum lucidum Ait., Ailanthus altissima var.‘Hongye’, Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb., Aesculus chinensis Bunge) were fumigated by sulfur dioxide with different concentrations and different time treatment in a special designed fumigation equipment. The injured symptoms, membrane permeability, content of soluble protein and MDA, activities of SOD, POD and CAT, content of chlorophyll and carotenoid, gas exchange character parameters, activity and absorption area of the root system were tested. Responses and resistant mechanisms of the tree seedlings to sulfur dioxide were studied comprehensively on the basis of data analyses by mathematical methods such as correlation analysis, clustering analysis and subordination function method etc. The main results are as the followings.1. Most tree species had the same injured symptom under long-time mild concentration or short-time severe concentration sulfur dioxide stress, which showed that resistance of each tree species to sulfur dioxide has a threshold value.2. Height growth increment of Ailanthus altissima var.‘Hongye’, Melia azedarach Linn., Koelreuteria Paniculata Laxm. are higher than that of the check, the others are lower than that of the check under 5.4mg·m-3 sulfur dioxide stress condition. Height growth increment was closely related with the injured degree of each tree species.3. Chlorophyll in the leaves of each tree species was destroyed to different extend under the sulfur dioxide stress, and the severer the stress is, the higher degree of the chlorophll is. The content of carotenoid of Liriodendron chinense Sarg. and Fraxinus velutina Torr. appeared an increasing and then a decreasing trend as the increasing of sulfur dioxide concentration; that of Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb. and Ailanthus altissima var.‘Hongye’appeared a steady decreasing trend and that of Koelreuteria Paniculata Laxm.更多还原