【作者】 蔡红珍；

【导师】 柏雪源；

【作者基本信息】 山东理工大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 由于木塑复合材料具有人类亲和性、环境友好性和可持续性等优点,近年来,这种材料的开发和利用得到了迅速发展。以农业废弃物为原料的木塑复合材料的开发和工业化利用,则为丰富的农业资源开辟了一个崭新的应用领域。同时在减少废旧塑料和植物秸秆焚烧对环境的污染,降低森林采伐量,保护森林资源,增加就业,提高农民收入,促进经济发展等方面有着良好的环境保护效益、经济效益和社会效益。因此对这种复合材料的研究意义深远。本研究首先确定了以稻壳粉和聚乙烯为主要原料的木塑复合材料的制备工艺并据此设计制作一套试验用木塑复合材料生产线。为了确定最佳的稻壳粉和聚乙烯配比以及硅烷偶联剂、玻璃纤维加强剂对复合材料力学性能的影响,进行了一系列的试验。通过对根据不同配比制作的复合材料进行的力学性能测试,确定稻壳粉和聚乙烯最佳配比以及其它组份的最佳添加量。同时利用扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱分析测试技术对复合材料的微观特征进行了分析。试验结果表明:稻壳粉、玻璃纤维以及硅烷偶联剂的添加量均对复合材料的力学性能有比较明显的影响。在本试验所考察的范围内:1、随着稻壳粉添加量的增加,木塑复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲强度、抗拉强度以及断裂伸长率都下降,并且下降趋势很明显。2、随着玻璃纤维添加量的增加,木塑复合材料的弯曲强度和抗拉强度增加。而冲击强度和断裂伸长率有所下降,但不明显。3、硅烷偶联剂的加入不同程度的提高了复合材料的力学性能。确定了硅烷的最佳添加量是3%左右。4、通过方差分析可以得出:稻壳添加量对复合材料的力学性能有显著性影响,玻璃纤维添加量只对复合材料的弯曲强度有显著性影响,硅烷添加量对复合材料的冲击和弯曲有显著性影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Because of their sustainable and environmentally friendly properties, the developmentand application of wood/plastic composites (WPC) have been increasing dramatically in therecently years. Moreover, the development of WPCs from agri-based resources has pioneereda new field for utilizing the abundant agricultural residues. The use of WPCs from agri-basedresources could reduce the environmental impacts caused by burning agricultural residues,disposing plastic wastes and deforesting, increase the employment opportunities, raisefarmers’ income, and promote the rural economical development.The process technology for making rice hull flour/polyethylene composites wasdetermined firstly in the study and an experimental WPC production line was then set up inthe laboratory. In order to determine the optimal ratio of rice hull flour/polyethylene as wellas the effects of silane coupling agent, reinforcement additives and fiberglass on themechanical properties of the composites, a series of experiments were conducted. Accordingto the mechanical property test results made on the specimens with different componentratios, the optimal ratio of rice hull flour/polyethylene and the amount of other additiveswere determined. The microstructure characteristics of the composites were analyzed by theFourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer and the Scanning Electron Microscope.The experiment results show that the quantity of rice hull flour, silane and fiberglassinfluenced evidently the mechanical property of the composites.1, The izod impact strength, bending strength, tensile strength and elongation at breakdecrease significantly with the increase of rice hull flour;2, The bending strength and tensile strength increase by adding fiberglass, but the izodimpact strength and elongation at break decrease slightly;3, The mechanical properties of the composites are improved by adding silane coupling agent,the optimum quantity of silane was about 3%;4, The analysis of variance results show that rice hull flour content has a significantinfluence on the mechanical properties of the composites, fiberglass content has a significantinfluence on the bending strength, whereas, the silane coupling agent content has asignificant influence both on the Izod impact strength and the bending strength.更多还原