【作者】 肖丹；

【导师】 安裕伦； 杨柏林；

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 喀斯特山区地面破碎,土壤瘠薄,土地资源匮乏,水土流失严重。对喀斯特景观解译方法进行研究,运用“3S”技术,快速、实时地采集存储、管理、更新、分析和应用与地表空间分布相关的数据,对于喀斯特地区生态、环境研究具有重要的理论、实践与社会意义。研究喀斯特景观,可以从景观学角度认识喀斯特脆弱生态环境问题,从而为改善生态环境,进行景观综合治理,科学地制定区域生态环境规划,能够全面认识景观的空间格局和空间模式,揭示喀斯特景观的重要性质和规律性,为区域的建设、规划和制定可持续发展战略提供科学依据,从而推动区域经济可持续发展。本文论述了“3S”技术在景观学中的应用,介绍了研究区清镇市的概况,对清镇市遥感数据信息源的选取、数据的处理及数据特征进行了分析,提出了清镇市喀斯特景观类型划分体系,根据其遥感影像特征进行景观解译,并建立清镇市喀斯特景观数据库,最后运用相关景观分析软件分析了清镇市喀斯特景观的各项格局指数,并分析其格局特征。本文主要以“3S”技术为依托,研究贵州省清镇市喀斯特景观格局。首先将清镇市的喀斯特景观划分为7个类型,分别是水田、旱地、林灌、草地、水体、建筑用地和重度石漠化。以2003年CBERS-1遥感影像为基础,根据各类景观在遥感影像上的特征,在遥感软件支持下,运用遥感信息模型,按照一定的处理方式提取清镇市各类景观的空间数据和属性数据。结合1:5万土地利用图和1:5地形图进行人工目视判读修改。在ArcView3.3、fragstats3.3软件支持下,利用景观生态学量化方法对清镇市喀斯特景观的属性数据库进行各种模型分析,包括对各景观类型空间格局进行对比分析,景观空间格局的模型分析,应用景观生态学方法计算斑块大小、密度、形状指数、分维数、多样性指数、均匀度指数以及聚集度指数等景观指数;应用GIS的空间分析功能,通过DEM提取地形因子,分析各景观类型格局与地形因子的关系,进而揭示清镇市喀斯特景观空间格局的规律性。重点分析了重度石漠化景观的特征,及其受地形因子影响而造成的垂直地带性的差异。本论文有以下几点结论:1、清镇市喀斯特景观破碎化程度高,由于清镇市是贵州高原喀斯特景观的更多还原

【Abstract】 Karst mountain areas are showed as fragmented ground, barren soil, short land resources and intensive soil and water erosion. Under the study of karst landscape interpreted methods and the operation of“3S”techniques, to quickly and timely collect, store, manage, update, analyze and apply the data in correlation with surface spatial distribution, which possesses theoretical, practical and social significance for the elogical and environmental researches in karst areas. The study of karst landscape may recognize the eco-environment problem of karst vulnerability in order to improve eco-evironment and integratedly handle to scientifically set down district eco-environmental planning; finally try to entirely comprehend the landscape spatial pattern and modal to reveal the significant features and regularity which may provide scientific conclusion for establishing, planning and constituting the sustainable development tactic in order to promote the sustainable development of district economy.Firstly, the paper discusses the practice of“3S”techniques in landscape, introduce the basic condition of Qingzhen City and analyse the selection, treatment and characters of RS data; subsequently to bring forward the division system of karst landscape in Qingzhen City and establish data base of karst landscape in Qingzhen City; finally to analyze each pattern index and their pattern features of karst landscape in Qingzhen City under the operation of correlative software of landscape analysis.This paper, under the support of 3S techniques, studies the patterns of karst landscapes in Qingzhen city, Guizhou province. Firstly it divides the karst landscapes into 7 categories, that is, paddy fields, dry lands, woods, grasslands, waters, construction lands and rock desertification areas. On the basis of RS image of CBERS-1 in 2003 and under the support of RS software, the paper applies RS information model to extract the spatial data and the attributive data of landscapes in Qingzhen city and mends these data with the land-use map and the relief map of the scale 1:50000. Then under the support of ArcView3.3 and Fragstats3.3 and by the quantitive means of landscape ecology, this paper carries out the model analysis of the attributive database, including the comparison and model analysis of landscape spatial patterns, and the establishment of landscape indexes. Finally the paper, according to the spatial analysis function of GIS, extracts the value of terrain factor through Digital Evaluation Model (DEM) and analyzes the relationship of the landscape patterns and the terrain factor in order to ascertain the rule on the patterns of karst landscapes in Qingzhen city. In addition, the paper pays emphasis on the analysis of rock desertification landscape characteristics and the difference of altitudinal zonality by the terrain factor.The paper displays the following conclusion:1. The high fragmentation of karst landscape in Qingzhen City indicates the vulnerability of karst environment.2. The forest and shrub landscape turns to be the prevailing landscape and is characterized by most off-square with most irregular pattern which may be prone to interact with external environment, so has high biodiversities; but the water is更多还原