武术套路中C级跳跃难度动作旋风脚720°的三维运动学分析

【作者】 张红；

【导师】 王乃虎；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 武术是中华民族的一项传统体育项目,经过几千年的发展,对武术文化和各种套路演练技法的研究已经比较详尽。随着各项武术比赛的开展,武术向着“高、难、美、新”的方向发展,新规则对难度动作的规定使得难度动作在套路比赛中的重要作用更加明显,这就需要武术训练科学化水平的进一步提高,同时对难度动作进行详细的理论研究,寻找动作运动规律进行科学化训练也势在必行。 本文通过运用文献资料法、立体定机摄影摄像测量法、观察法、数理统计法对优秀武术运动员的C级跳跃难度旋风脚720°从助跑起跳、腾空转体、落地三个阶段进行运动学分析,得出以下结论:男女运动员在起跳过程中重心水平速度逐渐减小,垂直速度迅速增大,垂直速度在蹬离地面瞬间达到向上运动最大值,男运动员为2.84±0.23m/s,女运动员为2.56±0.13m/s;助跑结束时,男运动员着地角为55.98±1.85°,女运动员为54.51±1.61°,被测运动员着地角达到以上值时能够完成动作;起跳阶段,膝关节最大缓冲时刻角度男子为145.57±2.90°,女子为148.55±4.24°,这个角度有利于蹬伸动作的完成;在起跳阶段,两臂快速由下向上向后摆动,并且增大两臂的摆动幅度,在一定程度上增大了重心的腾起高度;起跳离地至腾空最高点,男运动员重心升高的相对值为21.40±0.33%,女运动员重心升高的相对值为18.13±1.05%;大部分运动员在重心达到最高点前击响;击响过后,摆动腿快速摆动下压,提高了转动速度,男运动员摆动腿速度为7.13±0.15m/s,女运动员为6.19+1.07m/s;落地过程人体对地面的作用力很大,女运动员在落地时刻上体扭转明显,增加了落地后支撑腿的负荷,落地稳定性稍差,动作稳定耗时长;男运动员完成整个动作用时1.25±0.10s,女运动员用时1.32±0.07s;男运动员腾空时间大于女运动员,有利于空中旋转动作完成,落地稳定性好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Martial arts is a traditional athletic item of the Chinese nation. Through several thousand years of development, the study of martial arts culture and various taolu techniques have been conducted very well . With the blossom of various kinds of its competition, martial arts has begun to go "high, difficult, perfect, new" direction for further development. Difficult moves is a very important part in taolu competition, since the carrying out of new rules, its role has become more and more important. Thus it requires a further enhancement of the scientific training level and a more detailed theoretical study in martial arts. Also, it is essential to find out campaign laws for scientific training.This thesis uses these methods such as documentation act, three-dimensional measurement of the photographic camera, observation law, statistics etc. to conduct research. Through the kinetic analysis of whirl wind kick 720°of excellent martial arts athletes ( including from running and jumping, flying with body turn, landing 3 stages), readers could draw the following conclusions:First, in the process of rise to jump, the gravity center level speed of athletes (both male and female) gradually reduce , vertical speed in crease rapidly. Vertical speed reaches the highest value at the leaving ground instant:2.84±0.23m/s for male athletes,2.56±0.13m/s for female. Secondly, at running end, angle of landing for male athletes reaches 55.98±1.85°, female: 54.51+1.61°.Only when landing angles meet the above measurements could athletes complete the move. Thirdly, in the stage of rise to jump, the biggest buffer of the knee joint time angle for stretching to leaveground. Fourthly, in the process of rise to jump, the two arms rapidly swing to upward and backward, at the same time, the range between the two swinging arms expands. Thus, to a certain extent, it increases the leaving ground height of the gravity center. Fifthly, in the stage of leaving ground to the highest point, the gravity center of male athletes rise 21.40±0.33m, 18.13+1.05 for female. Most athletes strike rings before their gravity center reaches the highest point. Sixthly, shortly after strike ring, the swing leg swiftly descends, which increases turning speed. The swing speed for male athlete is 7.13±0.15m/s, 6.19±1.07m/sfor female. Seventhly, in the process of landing to the ground, human body’s gravity force toward ground is very large. At landing moment, female athlete’s upper body. reverses more obvious, which increases supporting leg’s burden. Landing stability is slightly not up to standard. It takes a little more time for them to get stable. Finally, to complete the whole motion, male athlete uses 1.25±0.10s, female athlete is 1.32±0.07s. Male athletes have more time in the air them female, which is helpful for the completion of air rotary action, and also makes a good landing stability.更多还原