【作者】 李盼威；

【导师】 赵建成；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 植物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 河北坝上高原与冀北山地交错带(简称交错带)地处河北省北部承德市的围场满族蒙古族自治县、隆化县、丰宁满族自治县和张家口市的沽源县、康保县、万全县、崇礼县、赤城县、张北县和尚义县境内,东西长约360～380 km,南北宽约100 km,总面积为40 455 km~2。这一区域既是温带与暖温带的交接地带,又是高原草原与山地森林植被的过渡地区,是华北地区木本植物种类比较丰富、区系组成较为复杂的典型地区。这些木本植物不仅具有重要的生态作用,还包含众多可以开发利用的资源植物。但是,目前尚未有人对该地区的木本植物多样性进行过系统的考察和研究。本文通过2001～2005年间对坝上高原与冀北山地交错带木本植物区系的野外考察,采集植物标本并进行室内整理鉴定和研究总结,对该地区木本植物的区系组成、资源类型和珍稀濒危种类等进行了较系统的研究,以期为人们全面认识坝上高原与冀北山地交错带木本植物多样性的特点,为改善(北)京、(天)津北部生态环境和经济社会的可持续发展提供科学依据,特别是为利用和保护木本植物资源多样性提供可以借鉴的资料。 通过本次的调查研究,现已知该地区分布有木本植物47科、105属、321种(含种下分类单位,下同)。其中裸子植物3科、7属、11种;被子植物44科、98属、310种。在这47科中,含10种以上的优势科有7科,共含40属,163种,占当地总科数的14.9%,总属数的38.1%,总种数的50.9%。含10种以上的优势属有6属,含87种;属的数目占该地区总属数的5.7%,种的数目占总种数的27.2%。本区系野生木本植物中的单属科仅有麻黄科(Ephedraceae)1科。在本区域中仅有1属的科即区域单属科较多,总计19科,占本地区野生木本植物总科数的40.4%,这在一定程度上反应了交错带植物区系的复杂性。区域单种属52属,占该地区总属数的49.5%,体现了交错带植物区系起源古老性的一面。 根据吴征镒教授(1991,2003)对中国种子植物属分布区类型的划分观点,本研究将交错带野生木本植物105属划分为世界分布、泛热带分布、旧世界热带分布、北温带分布、东亚—北美间断分布、旧世界温带分布、东亚分布和中国特有分布等13种分布区类型。其中,北温带成分42属,含182种,占交错带总属数的40%,总种数的56.7%,居本地区13种分布区类型中的首位。热带性质成分共有5个类型,含17属、27种,占交错带总属数的16.2%,总种数的8.4%。统计结果表明交错带木本植物区系具有明显的更多还原

【Abstract】 Investigations were given to the flora of woody plants and vegetation in the transitionzone of Bashang plateau and Jibei mountanious region from 2001-2005, while woody plantswere collected and identified. These conclusions are drawn from the comprehensiveinvestigation and analysis about the flora. There are 321 species (including infraspecific taxa)of the wild woody plants in the transition zone, which belonging to 47 families and 105genera. The flora includes 11 species of Gymnosperm belonging to 7 genera and 3 familiesand 310 species of Angiosperm belonging to 98 genera and 44 families (they are alldicotyledons). 7 dominant families consist of 40 genera and 163 species, with over 10 speciesin each one, and these figures represent about 14.9%, 38.1% and 50.9% of the correspondingstatistics for the local wild woody plants. 6 dominant genera with over 10 species in each onetake 5.7% of the total local genera and 27.2% of the total species. Only 1 monogenus(Ephedraceae) belongs to the transition zone. Local monogenus families are abundant, in all19 ones, which share about 40.4% of the regional total families. That reflects the complexityof the flora. 52 monotypic genera take up 49.5% of the local total genera. This is the archaictrait of the regional flora’s origin.On the base of the opinion of Professor Wu Zheng-Yi (1991, 2003) about the areal-type of China seed plants, the 105 genera in the region can be divided into 13 types. 42 genera including 182 species belong to North temperate, sharing 40% of regional total genera. This type takes the first position in the 13 types. There are 17 genera belonging to the tropical elements in the area. This appears to reflect distinctive temperate trait of the woody flora.According to the ordination of R/T (tropic genera / temperate genera), the ratio of R/T takes on a descendant trend, as the increasing of latitude to the data of 8 areas and an apparent rule on latitude zonation of floristic variation is expressed.The similar result was obtained through the calculation of shared genera and generic similarity index between these 9 floras. The results show that the transition zone is closest (70.8%) to the Xiaowutaishan Nature Reserve but farthest (36.2%) to Liankangshan Nature Reserve.According to the approach of the division of life form in China Vegetation, the style ofwild woody plants in the region can be divided into arbor, shrub and liane. There are 198 species of shrub in the flora, which shares about 62% of the total species. The number is prominent. There are only 8 liane, which is the least in the flora.Based on the opinion of China Vegetation, the woody plants communitis of the transition zone can be divided into 3 types: the coniferous forest, the deciduous broad-leaved forest and the deciduous broad-leaved shrubland.The transition zone is a favorable location for resource plants. According to their utilization, resource plants may be divided into 4 groups. Based on the investigation, there are 234 species of industrial plants, 141 species of medicinal plants, 124 species of edible plants and 46 species for floriculture. In addition, some idioplasmic plants also inhabit in the region.According to the distribution, habitat, number of population, utilization of resource in the region, as well as qualitative and quantitative criterion, the rare and endangered plants are divided into three classes. The first class has 6 species;the second class includes 6 species;8 species belong to the third class. 6 species are categorized into the of national threatened plants, which are Juglans mandshurica, Phellodendron amurense, Acanthopanax senticosus, Populus pseudomaximowiczii, Jilia amurensis and Ulmus lamellosa.更多还原