【作者】 于智勇；

【导师】 杨海军；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 草业科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以流经东北师范大学净月校区的部分河流为研究对象,在已建设的混凝土河岸上构建适宜生物生存的生境缀块,修复被混凝土护岸隔断的水陆两类生态系统。同时检验所构建的生境缀块是否为生物提供了生存空间,所构建的系统是否向顺向演替方向发展及生态修复效果,本研究的目的是为探索适合我国国情的、低成本、近自然在已建设的混凝土受损河岸上进行生态修复的技术及其理论依据。(1)蛙类、蜻蜓的访问数、密度A区(生境缀块构建区)>B区(自然裸露土质岸坡)>C区(混凝土河岸);大型土壤动物、底栖动物的种类、密度、多样性指数的关系A区>B区>C区。实验区内部温度、表层温度及实验区内表层水温变化为A区﹤B区﹤C区。结果表明:构建的河岸生境缀块为蛙类、蜻蜓以及大型土壤动物、底栖动物提供了繁衍、栖息的场所。(2)实验区内栽植的植物(叶底珠、芦苇和菖蒲)根系的抗拉实验,结果表明:根系的抗阻拉力随着根系的平均直径的增大而增大,呈现出紧密的幂函数和多项式关系,且有较好的相关性,由于植物根系和植物纤维袋的综合作用增强了生境缀块的抗洪水侵蚀强度。(3)抗洪水侵蚀:河岸生境缀块构建区的侵蚀量小于自然裸露土质岸坡区,混凝土岸坡无侵蚀,即A区﹤B区﹤C区(C区侵蚀量为零)。(4)实验区内所栽植的植物长势良好,对创设生境缀块内栽植的植物长势等指标的观测,2年来实验数据表明植物生长符合一定的函数关系,且相关性较好,表明所构建的生态系统土壤环境良好。(5)经济效益:本实验区采用的“框架+植物纤维袋+植物”的构建方法其经济成本为55元/m~3,而我国一般采用的浆砌石护岸一般成本约为120元/ m~3以上,本方法不仅能降低经济成本,而且带来了附加的生态价值及景观价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study took spillway flowing by Jingyue campus of Northeast Normal University asan object to construct patchy environment favorable to the survive of biology on the concretebank, to rehabilitate the terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystem, which were separatedby the concrete protecting bank. Simultaneously, the study examined whether the constructedpatchy environment provided living space for biology, whether the constructed ecosystemdeveloped in succession, and what’s the effect of the ecological rehabilitation. The purpose ofthe study is to explore the technique and theoretical foundation of rehabilitation of thedamaged concrete bank, which is approaching nature, low cost, high benefit, and suitable tocurrent conditions in China.(1) Density of frog and dragonfly: Plot A (constructed patchy environment)>PlotB(nature exposed bank)>Plot C(concrete bank). The relationship between species of SoilMacrofauna, Benthos, density, diversity index: Plot A>Plot B>Plot C. The change oftemperature in experimental plot: Plot A﹤Plot B﹤Plot C. The results show that theconstructed riparian patchy environment could provide suitable habitats for multiplying andinhabitation of frogs, dragonflies, Soil Macrofauna, and Benthos etc.(2) The results of the experiment about the arrangements of root system of plants in thepatchy environments: the anti-draught force of the root system increases with the expandingof the average diameter,and they took on the close relation of power function andpolynomials, and preferable correlation. The integrated function of the root system of plantsand the fibre bags strengthened the anti-flood intensity of the patchy environments.(3) Anti flood eroding. The eroding of the constructed patchy environment is less seriousthan that of the natural exposed bank, and there is no eroding in the concrete riparian. Theresult is: Plot A< Plot B< Plot C (the rate of eroding is zero).(4) In recent two years, the observation of the indexes in the constructed patchyenvironment showed that the growth of the arranged plants is preferable and in accord with acertain function relationship and with a high correlation. All these indicate that theenvironment of the soil in the constructed ecosystem is good.(5) Economical benefit. The cost of the bank-protecting project which adopts thestructure of “frame + plant fibre bags +plants” is RMB 55 per square meter, while the costof the bank of concrete and stone, which is very common in China, is more than RMB 120 persquare meter. The former can bring not only the less cost but also the additional ecologicaland view value.更多还原