【作者】 苏循瑞；

【导师】 高玮；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 动物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 作者于2005年2~6月对分布于吉林省左家自然保护区次生林环境中大山雀的窝卵数与繁殖成功之间的关系进行了初步研究。结果表明,大山雀的窝卵数与繁殖成功之间存在显著的关系。大山雀开始产卵日期明显分为两个阶段。大山雀窝卵数与产第1枚卵的日期相关,大山雀产第1枚卵的时间越早,窝卵数越多。在人工巢箱中大山雀的平均窝卵数为10.31±1.27枚,比天然巢的平均窝卵数要多。窝卵数的变异系数为0.1215。大山雀的常见窝卵数为10枚和11枚,最常见的产卵期为11天和10天。对窝卵数与卵重和卵大小之间的相关性分析表明,窝卵数与卵重和卵大小之间呈显著的负相关。窝卵数与孵化期长短之间没有显著的相关关系。对不同窝卵数孵化期的比较结果表明,窝卵数为10枚和11枚时,其孵化期比平均孵化期短。窝卵数为9枚和12枚时,孵化率小于平均孵化率,而窝卵数为10枚和11枚时,孵化率大于平均孵化率。大山雀平均育雏期为14.83±1.83天。窝雏数与育雏期长短之间没有显著的相关关系。大山雀幼鸟的出飞率很高,在没有干扰的情况下,出飞幼鸟数量基本等于窝雏数,所以大山雀在繁殖过程中,除去人为干扰和外来捕食等因素的影响,亲鸟基本能成功喂活全部雏鸟,直到其成功出飞。在育雏前期,亲鸟喂雏频次与窝雏数有一定的正相关关系,而在育雏的中期和后期没有这种关系,说明在育雏的中期和后期亲鸟会最大限度的提高它们的繁殖投入,以保证幼鸟的最佳数量和质量,同时尽量缩短育雏时间,降低被捕食的风险。对窝卵数为10枚和11枚的孵化期、孵化率、育雏期、出飞率、幼鸟离巢体重、出飞幼鸟数量等繁殖参数比较结果表明,人工巢箱条件下,大山雀的最佳窝卵数为11枚。本次研究表明,大山雀的窝卵数与繁殖成功之间的关系是非常显著的,窝卵数影响大山雀的整个繁殖过程和繁殖功效,是影响大山雀繁殖成功的重要因子。更多还原

【Abstract】 The author had studied the relationship between clutch size and breeding success ofGreat Tit in secondary-forest of Zuojia nature protection area in Jilin Province betweenFebruary and June of 2005. The result suggests that the relationship between the clutch sizeand breeding success of Great tit is prominence. There are two stages before clutch day of thegreat tit. There is correlation between the clutch size and the hatching date of the first egg.Generally speaking, the date of the first egg is much earlier, the clutch size is much more. Theaverage clutch size of Great Tit in the artificial nest is 10.31±1.27. It is more than the clutchsize of the nature nest. The variance modulus of the clutch size is 0.1215. The ordinary clutchsize of Great Tit is ten or eleven. The ordinary laying date is ten days or eleven days. Thecorrelating analyzing between the clutch size and egg weight or egg length suggest that it isnotability negative correlation. There is not notability correlation between the clutch size andthe laying day. It is suggest that the hatching days of ten or eleven eggs are shorter than theaverage clutch size in the studying of the hatching days in different clutch size. Hatching ratioof ten or eleven eggs is smaller than the average hatching ratio. And hatching ratio of nine ortwelve eggs is smaller than the average hatching ratio. The mean feeding period of Great Tit is14.83±1.83 days. There is not remarkable correlation between brood size and the feedingperiod. The fledged rate is high, the number of fledging chicks are equal to brood size whenthere is no disturbance, so parents can feed successfully all the fledging in the reproductivephase until they fledged if there are no human disturbance and prey and other influence. Theresult indicate the optimized clutch size is 11 in the nest box by analyzing the reproductiveparameter such as hatching period, hatching rate, feeding period, fledged rate, fledgling massand number fledged of 10 and 11 clutch size. This work indicates that the correlation betweenthe clutch size and reproductive success of Great Tit is remarkable. Clutch size effects thewhole reproductive phase and efficacy, and it is the main factor of affecting the reproductivesuccess of Great Tit.更多还原