【作者】 赵亚楠；

【导师】 杨海军；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 草业科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 目前我国城市段河道护岸多使用混凝土等人工建筑材料,其结果导致河岸植物群落丧失,破坏了河岸连接水生态系统和陆地生态系统的纽带作用,其生态作用越来越小。因此恢复重建受损河岸生态系统,需要研究适于河岸生态环境,生态作用好的生态修复材料。芦苇是修复受损河岸生态系统的生态材料之一,是河岸和湿地植物群落的代表植物种,具有很强的水质净化、紧缚土壤及为动植物、微生物提供生息生存空间等环境保护作用。本实验以恢复受损河岸和湿地的芦苇群落为目的,研究了快速繁育芦苇幼苗技术和方法,以及在不同河岸生境条件下,芦苇群落的扩张速度,同时定量研究了芦苇与香蒲、菖蒲、菰三种水生植物根茎抗阻拉力及其固土护岸能力。结果表明:(1)将芦苇杆用水浸泡能够达到快速培育芦苇幼苗的目的,在实验时采用的165支芦苇杆中,仅有8支芦苇杆没有发芽,发芽率达95.2%,将芦苇新芽幼苗移植到装有泥炭土的实验用塑料盆、六角形纸盒后,成活率达100%。芦苇杆在水中浸泡15天后,发芽率高,新芽幼苗生长状况最佳,适于移植;在移植后的1个月,通过对芦苇幼苗生长量的分析,可知芦苇生长快速,而且由于直接移植到实验用塑料盆及六角形纸盒中,运输便利。这能够解决在城市段河岸的芦苇群落修复过程中,需要从远离城市的芦苇原生地移植芦苇带来的诸多不便。(2)通过对不同受损河岸生境条件下芦苇地上部分和地下部分生长状况的观测可知,芦苇幼苗在培育4个月后,生长旺盛。通过测定地上植株平均高度、新萌生幼苗数、新萌生芽数、地上生物量及地下新萌生芽数、地下茎长度、地下生物量几个指标,预测受损河岸生态系统修复过程中芦苇群落的形成速度。同时根据河流岸坡的退化程度应采用不同的护岸生态工程结构设计,在河岸和水流比较平缓的河岸带,由于河岸侵蚀比较弱,根据评价可直接恢复芦苇群落。而在退化严重的河岸带,应采用抛石+芦苇的工程化方法,使得芦苇根系缠绕着块石生长,提高了河岸抗洪水冲刷强度。(3)芦苇与香蒲、菖蒲、菰三种水生植物根茎抗阻拉力实验表明,芦苇根茎的抗阻拉力随着平均直径的增大而增强,呈现出紧密的幂函数关系,有极好的相关性,当根茎平均直径增加到一定值时,根茎的抗阻拉力会产生一个明显的跃迁,这主要是由于根茎本身的抗拉特性在受拉的过程中产生了从弹性形变到塑性形变的飞跃。因此随着芦苇的生长,芦苇根茎的繁殖量显著增加,其固土能力增强。与其它三种水生植物根茎抗拉能力相比,块状的菖蒲根系抗拉能力最大,其次是芦苇根茎,芦苇地上茎的抗拉能力最大。因此,从抗洪水和波浪冲击的角度,芦苇是受损河岸水陆带生态修复的最佳生态材料之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 The waterfront made of concrete in the city makes the plant communities vanish. It leadsto destroy the ecological function of the riverbank connected water ecosystem with terrestrialecosystem, and makes ecological function weaken. For restoration and reconstruction thedamaged riparian ecosystem, we need study the effective ecological restoration materialssuitable for riparian ecological environment. Phragmites communis is the one of ecologicalmaterial for restoration of damaged riparian ecosystem. It is a representative plant of riparianand wetland plant communities, and can purify water quality, string soil and provide livingspace for propagation and microorganism. The experiment studied a technology and methodof rapidly cultivating seedlings in order to restore damaged riparian and wetland plantcommunities, and forecasted growth rate of Phragmites communis in different damagedriparian habitat, meanwhile, quantitative analyzed the tensile strength of the rhizome. Theresults show as follow:(1) The new method could rapidly cultivate seedlings, and eight stems did not sproutamong one hundred and sixty-five experimental stems. Germination percentage achieved95.2%. After transplanting the seedlings into the plastics bowls and hexagonal cardboardboxes, survival rate achieved 100%. Germination percentage was high, and seedlings weregrowing luxuriantly after the stems were soaked 15 days. Direct transplant seedlings into theplastics bowls and hexagonal cardboard boxes convenient for transport.(2) The results showed that the seedling is growing luxuriantly after transplant 120 days.This can forecast Phragmites communis developed speed through determine plant averageheight, sprout seedling quantity, bud quantity and biomass. In peat soil+blocks ecologicalcondition, Phragmites communis integrated blocks have good coupling. Thus, in order toincrease riparian stability, we should consider Phragmites communis rhizomes expanding andadd some blocks to increase soil porosity and riparian stability based on the different damagedriverbank.(3) The test for the tensile strength of the rhizomes of Phragmites communis showed thatthe tensile of the rhizomes increased with average diameter of the rhizomes increasing andsignificant positive relation existed closely between the tension of the rhizomes and averagediameter of the rhizomes. Tension of the rhizomes would bring about the obvious transitionwhen average diameter of the rhizomes reached limit point because the properties of therhizomes changes from elasticity deformation to plastic deformation and the deformation isnot reversible during the rhizomes were pulled. So with the rhizomes constantly increased, thefunction of the soil fixation strengthened. The rhizomes of Phragmites communis comparedwith the roots of Typha latifolia, Acorus calamus L., Zizania latif olia, and the tensile strengthof the roots of Acorus calamus L. was greatest, and the stems of Phragmites communis wasgreatest. So considering Phragmites communis was the one of best ecological material forecological restoration of degenerating riparian zone form flood control angle.更多还原